To Be Joyful, To Be Young
What really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I ___21___(learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.
Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point ___22___(abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, ___23___(quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.
When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons(神经细胞) ___24___(grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!
Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face ___25___you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, ___26___decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.
One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress was more important than ___27___was objectively occurring in their lives. ___28___(give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres(染色体端粒) compared with ___29___who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed ____30____raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.
In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.
知识点：语法填空
21. have learned 22. abandoning 23. quit 24. to grow
25. so that 26. which 27. what 28. Given/Having been given
29. those 30. despite/though/although
本文是一篇哲理感悟。文章讲述的是“到底是什么让饮食和生活方式发生可持续的变化？”作者在过去30年的临床研究中，认识到真正的关键是快乐和自由。换句话说，如果你感到有压力，你就有压力。
【21题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去30年的临床研究中，我认识到真正的关键是快乐、快乐和自由。根据In the past 30 years可知，句子用现在完成时态，再根据句子主语I，可知答案为have learned。
【22题详解】
考查固定句式。句意：放弃你喜欢的东西是没有意义的，除非你能更快得到更好的东西。固定句式There’s no point doing sth.“做某事毫无意义”，故答案为abandoning。
【23题详解】
考查并列谓语。句意：当人们吃得更健康，戒烟，更好地管理压力时，他们才会发现自己感觉更好，而且很快。此处是并列谓语，故答案为quit。
【24题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：两项研究表明，仅仅是每周步行3个小时，持续3个月，就会导致如此多的神经元生长，这实际上增加了人们大脑的大小!固定句式：cause +宾语+to do sth.“引起……做某事”，此处是动词不定式作宾语补足语，故答案为to grow。
【25题详解】
考查结果状语从句。句意：相反，不健康的饮食、持续的情绪压力和吸烟会减少流向面部的血液，从而加速衰老。结合句意可知此处是so that引导结果状语从句，故答案为so that。
【26题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：吸烟会加速衰老，因为尼古丁会使你的血管变细，从而减少流向面部的血液，使其过早起皱。前面整个句子作先行词，后面的非限制性定语从句用which引导，故答案为which。
【27题详解】
考查比较状语从句。句意：最有趣的发现之一是，母亲对压力的意识比她们生活中客观发生的事情更重要。此处是比较状语从句，than后面的从句缺少引导词和主语，所填词其双重作用，表示“所……的事”，故答案为what。
【28题详解】
考查过去分词或现在分词完成式的被动式。句意：在一份调查问卷中，研究人员要求这些女性对自己每天感受到的压力进行三分制评分。句子主语the women和动词give之间是被动关系，且give动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，所以这里用过去分词或现在分词完成式的被动式作时间状语。故答案为Given/Having been given。
【29题详解】
考查替代。句意：与那些感到放松的女性相比，那些意识到自己处于巨大压力下的女性，染色体端粒明显缩短和受损。此处表示替代，用those替代前面的The women，故答案为those。
【30题详解】
考查介词+doing或连词+doing结构。句意：相反，一些尽管养育了残疾儿童却感到放松的女性，染色体端粒看起来更正常。此处相当于让步状语从句，结合句意可知答案为despite/though/although。
Welcome to Windsor Castle
Windsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been ____31____continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主) one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against ____32____ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western ____33____to the capital. The outer walls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the____34____castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s. The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends the weekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is____35____used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).
The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most____36____bits -- the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are____37____decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.
The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It____38____among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.
The Drawings Gallery____39____the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen_____40_____in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.
知识点：填空
31. I 32. A 33. H 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. F 38. K
39. E 40. G
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了温莎城堡，它是世界上最古老、最大的城堡，也是英国女王的官邸之一。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：在近1000年的时间里，它一直有人居住，并由君主一个接一个地改变和重新装饰。结合句意可知答案为inhabited“占据，居住于”，故选I。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：有些人是伟大的建筑者，他们加固城堡以抵抗起义和叛乱。结合句意可知，答案为uprising“起义”，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：从伦敦塔出发有一天的路程，目的是守卫通往首都的西方通道。结合句意可知，答案为approaches“途径，通道”，故选H。
【34题详解】
考查形容词。句意：今天建筑的外墙与1070年代征服者威廉建造的原始城堡的外墙位置相同。结合句意可知答案为original“最初的，原创的”，故选B。
【35题详解】
考查副词。句意：温莎城堡经常被女王用来接待海外君主和总统的国事访问。结合句意可知答案为frequently“频繁地，经常地”，故选C。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：城堡很大，因此人们常常选择去最壮观的一些地方——国家公寓、圣乔治礼拜堂、画廊和可爱的玛丽女王玩偶屋。结合句意可知答案为spectacular“惊人的；壮观的”，故选D。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：国家公寓是装饰豪华的正式房间，仍然用于国家和官方活动。结合句意可知答案为luxuriously“豪华地”，故选F。
【38题详解】
考查动词。句意：它是英国中世纪晚期建筑的典范之一。结合句意可知，答案为ranks“把……排列起来”，故选K。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意：图片馆展出了“女王60年来的60张照片”。结合句意可知答案为features“是……的特色”，故选E。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：这次展览呈现女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上捕捉到的短暂瞬间的照片。结合句意可知答案为captured“夺得，捕获”，故选G。
“Nature and Nurture”
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is ____41____.
Social scientists are of course____42____interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour. There are no clear answers yet, but two____43____schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between____44____of each theory. The controversy(争论) is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”.
Those who____45____the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are____46____determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behaviour is____47____to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our____48____.
Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, ____49____, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely_____50_____by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to _____51_____stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behaviour.
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are _____52_____. In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are. Behaviorists, _____53_____, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same_____54_____that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour. As a matter of fact, it is quite_____55_____that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
41. A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive
42. A. moderately B. extremely C. reluctantly D. scarcely
43. A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal
44. A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates
45. A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit
46. A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely
47. A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject
48. A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instincts
49. A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalists D. behaviorists
50. A. shaped B. dominated C. oppressed D. restricted
51. A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological
52. A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching
53. A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance
54. A. habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages
55. A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likely
知识点：完型填空
41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. B 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. D 50. A 51. A 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. D
本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人的个性和智力是先天形成的还是受环境影响的两种理论。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。A. sensitive敏感的；B. productive多产的；C. competitive竞争的；D. aggressive侵略性的，有进取心的。根据or why one is cooperative and another is____1____与前面的why one person is intelligent and another is not是并列的，根据前面的句子可知，another is____1____空格处填的是与前面cooperative相对的词，故选C。
【42题详解】
考查副词。A. moderately适度地；B. extremely极其，非常；C. reluctantly不情愿地；D. scarcely几乎不，简直不。根据Social scientists are of course____2____interested in these types of questions.可知，社会科学家当然对这类问题非常感兴趣。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。A. distinct明显的；B. reliable可靠的；C. relevant相关的；D. equal平等的。根据There are no clear answers yet, but two____3____schools of thought on the matter have developed.可知，目前还没有明确的答案，但在这个问题上已经形成了两种截然不同的思想流派。结合句意可知答案为A。
【44题详解】
考查名词。A. objectors反对者；B. operators操作者；C. opponents对手；D. advocates提倡者。根据As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between____4____of each theory.可知，正如人们可能预期的那样，这两种方法截然不同，而且每种理论的支持者之间存在着大量的争论。根据文中的debate可知，应该是“支持者”之间的争论，故选D。
【45题详解】
考查动词。A. claim要求，声称；B. support支持；C. resolve溶解；D. inherit继承。根据Those who____5____the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are____6____determined by biological factors.可知，那些支持冲突“本性”一面的人认为，我们的个性和行为模式在很大程度上是由生物因素决定的。根据文中的believe可知，这里应该是指“支持者”，结合句意可知答案为B。
【46题详解】
考查副词。A. completely完全地；B. largely主要地，大部分；C. thoroughly彻底地；D. merely仅仅，只不过。根据Those who____5____the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are____6____determined by biological factors.可知，那些支持冲突“本性”一面的人认为，我们的个性和行为模式在很大程度上是由生物因素决定的。结合句意答案为B。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。A. sensitive敏感的；B. open公开的；C. central中心的；D. subject服从的。根据That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behaviour is____7____to this theory.可知，我们的环境与我们的能力、特征和行为几乎没有任何关系，这对这一理论是极为重要的。be central to“对……极为重要的”，故选C。
【48题详解】
考查名词。A. abilities能力；B. capacities性能；C. personalities人格，个性；D. instincts本能。根据Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our____8____.可知，极端地说，这个理论认为，我们的行为在很大程度上是预先决定的，以至于我们几乎完全受本能的支配。by our instincts“通过我们的本能”，故选D。
【49题详解】
考查名词。A. experts专家；B. scientists科学家；C. environmentalists环保人士；D. behaviorists行为主义者。根据Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, ____9____, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.可知，“后天培养”理论的支持者，或者如他们通常所说的，行为主义者，声称在决定我们如何行动时，我们的环境比我们基于生物学的本能更重要。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词。A. shaped发展，成形，塑造；B. dominated控制，统治；C. oppressed压迫，折磨；D. restricted限制。根据A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely____10____by their surroundings.可知，行为学家B. F. Skinner认为，人类的行为几乎完全是由周围环境塑造的。此处shape的意思是“塑造，成形”，故选A。
【51题详解】
考查形容词。A. environmental环境的；B. biological生物的；C. genetic遗传的；D. psychological心理学的。根据They state that, like machines, humans respond to____11____stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behaviour.可知，他们指出，就像机器一样，人类对环境刺激的反应是其行为的基础。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查形容词。A. temporary临时的；B. slight轻微的；C. fatal致命的，重大的；D. far-reaching深远的。根据Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are____12____.可知，在社会和政治上，这两种理论的影响是深远的。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查词组。A. on the contrary相反；B. as a whole总的来说；C. after all毕竟，终究；D. for instance例如。根据Behaviorists, ____13____, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same____14____that whites do.可知，相反，行为主义者认为，分数上的差异是由于这样一个事实，即黑人常常被剥夺了白人享有的许多教育和其他环境方面的优势，因此，他们的反应与白人不同。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查名词。A. habits习惯；B. responses回应；C. characteristics特性；D. advantages优势。根据Behaviorists, ____13____, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same____14____that whites do.可知，相反，行为主义者认为，分数上的差异是由于这样一个事实，即黑人常常被剥夺了白人享有的许多教育和其他环境方面的优势，因此，他们的反应与白人不同。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查形容词。A. necessary必要的；B. impossible不可能的；C. unreasonable不合理的；D. likely很可能的。根据As a matter of fact, it is quite____15____that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.可知，事实上，我们行为的关键很可能就在这两个极端之间，争议肯定会持续很长一段时间。固定句式：It is likely that…，“很可能”，故选D。
I’m a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury’s to make ends meet. I do three night shifts a week, plus overtime if I can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me — I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over £100 a night, and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectures, at 2 pm, I’m exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.
I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert, whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury’s is very physical like stacking shelves. I’m lucky because I’m an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.
I’m originally from Nigeria. I came here when I was seven, growing up in Croydon, south London. Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries. I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level grades in my class.
Unfortunately, though I had applied for “settled” British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn’t eligible for a student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that’s about £7,000 a year.
I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn’t new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.
My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right now, I’m just focused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myself this is about my future. I don’t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time. That is what I look forward to the most.
56. Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week?
A. To help his parents pay off the debts. B. To pay for his tuition fees.
C. To prove his ability to earn money. D. To pay for his own living expenses.
57. The underlined word “eligible” in the passage can be replaced by ________.
A. responsible B. qualified C. feasible D. anxious
58. According to the passage, which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author?
A. Sociable. B. Diligent. C. Ambitious. D. Persistent.
59. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage?
A. A penny saved is a penny earned. B. Actions speak louder than words.
C. God helps those who help themselves. D. Where there is life, there is hope.
知识点：人物传记/故事类阅读
56. D 57. B 58. A 59. C
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者自己的故事。作者一边上学一边工作以支付生活费，这种生活很辛苦，但作者跟自己说这是为了自己的未来。作者现在最期待的是不需要很多钱，但不想太担心钱，希望有更多的空闲时间。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs可知，作者之所以每周工作很长时间，有时甚至加班，是为了支付自己的生活费。故选D。
【57题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段中Unfortunately, though I had applied for “settled” British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn’t eligible for a student loan.（不幸的是，虽然我很小的时候就申请了“定居”英国的居民身份，但内政部一直等到我以第六种形式才批准我的申请。这意味着我没有资格申请学生贷款。）由此推知，划线词的意思是“合格的，有资格的”。故选B。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段第一句I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job.可知，因为工作的关系，我没有太多的时间社交。由此推知，“社交的”这个词不能用来描述作者。故选A。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。本文讲述的是作者每周工作很长时间，有时甚至加班，这是为了支付自己的生活费。再根据最后一段中Whenever I find life hard, I tell myself this is about my future. I don’t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time. That is what I look forward to the most.（每当我发现生活艰难时，我告诉自己这是为了我的未来。我不需要很多钱，但我想少担心钱，有更多的空闲时间。这是我最期待的。）由此推知，谚语God helps those who help themselves.“上帝帮助那些帮助自己的人”是对这篇文章的最好概括。故选C。
【点睛】做推理判断题时要求考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。本题第3小题，根据第五段第一句I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job.可知，因为工作的关系，我没有太多的时间社交。由此推知，“社交的”这个词不能用来描述作者。故选A。
Should You Become a Full Stack Web Developer?
Should you become a full stack web developer? What courses should you take to prepare you for the job? Our courses bring you a step-by-step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed. Read on to discover if it’s the right path for you:
●What is a Full Stack Web Developer?
A full stack web developer is well skilled in both front and back-end web developing. With knowledge of what it means to build applications from start to finish, a full stack developer can plan, manage, and build software with general know-how. A core difference between front and back-end developers is that front-end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website, while back-end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers, applications, and databases.
Combined, they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly. Both skillsets are crucial for being a well-rounded web developer and will give you a leg up when applying for jobs. If you like to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you.
●Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is Growing
Because of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer, there are fewer candidates applying for positions, leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates. The job outlook for web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026, which is faster than the average rate for all occupations. With an impressive resume, full stack web developers can make $87,661 on average.
●Get Started Today
With the help of the course, you will learn everything you need to know to succeed as a full stack web developer. You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and track your progress as you go.
●Here’s What You’ll Learn in the Courses
Build web applications and develop on both the front-end and back-end stacks
Learn Ruby on Rails, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
Develop web applications in Javascript using front-end framework, Angular, and hybrid mobile applications with Apache Cordova
Design RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration.
60. In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage?
A. Arts. B. Science-technology. C. Courses. D. Business.
61. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Front and back-end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and databases.
B. Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills.
C. The job prospect for web developers isn’t promising in the long run.
D. You can’t start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have some experience beforehand.
62. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To advertise for full stack web developers.
B. To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer.
C. To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer.
D. To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide.
知识点：广告布告类
60. C 61. B 62. C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章是有关一种课程的广告，介绍了这个课程的培养目标，职业前景以及课程内容等信息。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中What courses should you take to prepare you for the job? Our courses bring you a step-by-step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed.（你应该学习什么课程来为这份工作做准备?我们的课程会一步一步地帮助你成为一个合格的候选人，教会你成功所需要知道的一切。）由此推知，我们最有可能在报纸的“课程”专栏找到这篇文章，故选C。
【61题详解】
推理判断题。根据●Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is Growing部分的Because of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer, there are fewer candidates applying for positions, leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates.可知，由于要成为一个完整的Web开发人员需要广泛的技能，也就是这个职位对技能要求很高，所以越来越少的人申请这种职位。故选B。
【62题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章标题和第一段中Our courses bring you a step-by-step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed. Read on to discover if it’s the right path for you: …可知，本文的目的是说服人们参加有助于成为一个合格的web开发人员的课程，故选C。
【点睛】抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心
要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。本题第3小题，根据文章标题和第一段中Our courses bring you a step-by-step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed. Read on to discover if it’s the right path for you:---。可知，本文的目的是说服人们参加有助于成为一个合格的web开发人员的课程，故选C。
The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck, on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and the Hague, may come as a surprise to many. Few outside the Nordic(北欧的) world would recognize the works of this Finnish artist who died in 1946. More people should. The 120 works have at their core 20 self-portraits, half the number she painted in all. The first, dated 1880, is of a wide-eyed teenager eager to absorb everything. The last is a sighting of the artist's ghost-to-be.
Prematurely gifted, Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society's drawing school. “The Wounded Warrior in the Snow”, a history painting, was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17. Schjerfbeck studied in Paris, went on to Pont-Aven, Brittany, where she painted for a year, then to Tuscany, Cornwall and St Petersburg. During her 1887 visit to St Ives, Cornwall, Schjerfbeck painted “The Convalescent”. A child wrapped in a blanket sits supported up in a large wicker(柳条编制的) chair, toying with a sprig(小枝条). The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society. To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental(感伤的) and is made up for only by the somewhat astonished, sad expression on the child's face, which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences. At four, she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered.
In 1890, Schjerfbeck settled in Finland. Teaching exhausted her, she did not like the works of other local painters, and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother. “If I allow myself the freedom to live an isolated life”, she wrote, “then it is because it has to be that way.” In 1902, Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small, industrial town of Hyvinkaa, 50 kilometres north of Helsinki. Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeck became a modern painter. She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet sharp portraits of her mother, local school girls, women workers in town.
“I have always searched for the dense depths of the soul, which have not yet been discovered by humans themselves”, she wrote, “where everything is still unconscious -- there one can make the greatest discoveries.” She experimented with different kinds of underpainting, scraped and rubbed, made bright rosy red spots; doing whatever had to be done to capture the subconscious — her own and that of her models. In 1913, Schjerfbeck was rediscovered by an art dealer and journalist, Gosta Stenman. Once again she was a success.
63. Schjerfbeck’s paintings may come as a surprise to many because ________.
A. her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic world
B. her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic world
C. her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen them
D. her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts
64. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. "The Convalescent" is in fact a portrait of Schjerbeck in her childhood.
B. "The Convalescent" is a reflection of Schejerbeck’s sentimental childhood.
C. "The Convalescent" is made as a result of an accident in Schejerbeck’s childhood.
D. "The Convalescent" is featured by the child’s astonished, sorrowful expression.
65. Schejerbeck chose to live an isolated life mainly because of ________.
A. she was exhausted by her teaching job
B. her personality prefers this kind of style
C. she could not appreciate the work of the other local painters
D. her mother’s health condition required her to adopt such a life style.
66. We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjerfbeck’s paintings is ________.
A. her vivid characterization of common people
B. her capture of the characters’ soul
C. the sorrowful expression of the characters
D. her unconscious sense of some mysterious elements
知识点：人物传记/故事类阅读
63. A 64. C 65. B 66. B
本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章介绍了画家Schejerbeck的创作经历。
【63题详解】
推理题。文章第一段提到，Scandinavia作品巡回展在德国和海牙吸引了好多人，大部分的人看到她的作品都会吃惊，紧接着就说北欧之外很少有人见过她的作品，但是她的作品理应受到更多人的观赏。可以推测，她的作品是比较优秀的作品，但因为大多数人从没见过，第一次看到会感觉震惊。因此，主要原因是北欧之外很少有人知道她的作品。B选项显然与原文不符，因为她的作品在北欧之外的地区也展示过。C和D只是片面概括了她作品的一些特点，并不符合题意。故选A。
【64题详解】
细节题。根据文章第二段可知，“The Convalescent”是Schjerbeck的早期作品，再根据第二段To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental(感伤的) and is made up for only by the somewhat astonished, sad expression on the child's face, which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences.可知，这幅作品可能是受其儿童时期经历的影响才创作的，因为她小时候从楼梯上摔了下来。因此，四个选项中，A 并不是她的自画像；B 这幅画并不是要表现她感伤的儿童时代，只是儿童时期经历过一次意外摔伤是创作这幅画的诱因而已；C说明了创作诱因，是正确的；D于文章内容不符。故选C。
【65题详解】
细节题。Schejerbeck选择了过隐居生活，这在文章第三段中有具体描述。首先她厌倦了教授绘画的工作，也不喜欢当地其他画家的作品，再加上她负担起照顾母亲的责任，她就最终选择了隐居，她自己提到这个时说："如果我允许自己选择了一种隐居地生活，那是因为事情就得是这样了。"分析她隐居的原因，最主要的还是两个原因，一个是厌倦了绘画工作，一个是不喜欢当地其他画家作品，这都与她的个性有关。因此，追根究底其原因是她本身性格原因。故选B。
【66题详解】
推理题。关于Schejerbeck作品的特点，文章并没有直接提及，但是可以从字里行间判断出来。Schejerbeck的作品主要是人物，在最后一段中提到她为了把握人物灵魂深处，运用了各种手段，可见，她作品的主要特点在于她对人物灵魂的把握，答案B正确。A和C都是她画作的一些表面特点，而起深刻因素还是在与抓住了人物的灵魂。D选项的表述虽然也是特点之一，但是也还是为B选项服务的。
The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. ___67___ Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It's important for inner peace.
___68___ If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is "small stuff".
Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. ___69___ They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you'll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it's only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone-five minutes of successful patience-you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person.
Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t "life or death" but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with. ___70___.
A. An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practice periods.
B. You are more easily annoyed and bothered.
C. It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop.
D. Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don't like it.
E. Without patience, you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt feelings.
F. If you lack patience, you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing.
知识点：人生百味类阅读
67. B 68. D 69. A 70. E
本文是一篇说明文。耐心的品质对你创造一个更平和、更有爱的自我大有帮助。你越有耐心，你就会越能接受生活的本来面目，而不是坚持你想要的那个样子。耐心会给你的生活增添一些轻松，并使你容易接受你的生活，这对内心的平静很重要。
【67题详解】
上文提示“没有耐心，生活是极其令人沮丧的。”承接上文，B项You are more easily annoyed and bothered.（没有耐心，你更容易生气和烦恼。）切题。故选B。
【68题详解】
下文提示“如果你遇到交通堵塞，约会迟到，耐心意味着在你的思维失控之前，不要让自己心存怨恨，并温柔地提醒自己放松。”承接下文，D. Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don't like it.（要变得更有耐心，就要敞开你的心扉，即使你不喜欢，也要活在当下。）切题。故选D。
【69题详解】
上文提示“耐心是一种可以通过有意识的练习大大提高的品质。”再根据下文提示“它们是我下定决心练习耐心的时期”，A项An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practice periods.（我发现一个增强耐心的有效方法是进行实际训练。）承接上下文。故选A。
【70题详解】
上文提示“耐心会让你看待问题的视角正确，比如你现在面临的挑战，不是“生或死”的问题，而只是一个必须处理的小障碍。”承接上文，E项Without patience, you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt feelings.（没有耐心，你会看到与充满了叫喊、沮丧和受伤感觉的紧急情况一样的场景。）切题。故选E。
A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colours and various shapes.
There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods -- paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plants and animals. Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.
Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.
Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised(伪装) like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen(青苔), a seed or some other natural object. Some insects use bright, colours to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
知识点：书面表达
Large varieties of insects successfully survive almost anywhere for several reasons. First, their adaptive capacities enable them to survive in extreme temperatures and environments. They can live on various foods and hide in tiny places. Second, insects excel at reproduction. Last, insects use protective color1s to disguise or give warnings so that they successfully fool their enemies.
【分析】
本题是要求概括所给文章的大意。这一题型主要考察对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
【详解】解题步骤：
1. 细读原文。
2. 列出原文要点。本文是一篇说明文，说明这个星球上生活着各种各样的昆虫。昆虫已经在地球上生存了3亿多年，昆虫能如此成功地存活下来有很多原因。文章叙述了成功存活的三个理由。首先，它们的适应能力使它们能够在极端的温度和环境中生存。它们可以吃各种各样的食物，藏在很小的地方。第二，昆虫擅长繁殖。最后，昆虫用保护色来伪装或发出警告，从而成功地愚弄它们的敌人。
3. 用合适的句子和规定字数将原文要点表达出来。
注意概要是对他人文章的概括和转述，概要写作不是再创作，要忠于原文，绝对不能出现来自于作者以外的其他观点。
概要性是概要写作的最大特点，语言和内容必须高度概括，不要超过要求的60词。
72. 一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆。(remind)
________________________
73. 每个人应当牢记:己所不欲，勿施于人。(mind)
________________________
74. 他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着。(So)
________________________
75. 不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已。(before)
________________________
知识点：翻译
72. An inviting smell reminds us of the distant memories.
73. Everyone should bear/keep in mind that we should treat people the way (in which/that) we want to be treated.
74. So absorbed/devoted is he in/to the study of ancient cultures that he has persevered/perseveres in working at the cost of his health these years.
75. It won’t be long before the Underground/Subway/Metro Line 5 in Fengxian is open to traffic, which excites the Fengxian people who have been looking/are looking forward to it.
【72题详解】
固定词组：remind sb. of sth.“提醒某人某物”，再结合所给汉语可知答案为An inviting smell reminds us of the distant memories.
【73题详解】
固定词组：bear/keep in mind“记住”，后面是that引导的宾语从句，且从句中包含the way作先行词的定语从句，再根据所给汉语可知答案为Everyone should bear/keep in mind that we should treat people the way (in which/that) we want to be treated.
【74题详解】
句中so…that引导的结果状语从句，“so+形容词”位于句子开头，则主句用部分倒装，再根据所给汉语可知答案为So absorbed/devoted is he in/to the study of ancient cultures that he has persevered/perseveres in working at the cost of his health these years.
【75题详解】
句中使用固定句式It won’t be long before---“不久之后就……”，再根据所给汉语可知答案为It won’t be long before the Underground/Subway/Metro Line 5 in Fengxian is open to traffic, which excites the Fengxian people who have been looking/are looking forward to it.
【点睛】浅谈两点部分倒装
1.“so+形容词或副词”位于句首时的倒装：
副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：
如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。
2.“So+助动词+主语”倒装：
当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：
如：You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。
注：(1)若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor：
如：You aren't young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。
(2)注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别：
如："It was cold yesterday." "So it was."“昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
在你看过的电影、电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么。你的文章必须包括:
●描述你印象深刻的一个场景；
●说明你对此印象深刻的理由。
(注:请勿出现真实姓名和学校)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
知识点：书面表达
I love reading, and books are my best friends. I love reading all kinds of books, but my favourite of the entire book that I have read so far is “The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes”. I am so much fond of this book that now and then gets attracted to read it and certainly I have read this book more than hundred times. Yet I find new pleasure.
For me, the most unforgetable scene is how Herlock point out who the murderer is in A Study in Scarlet. The story has been written in so much cleverness and skill that till the last moment it will not be possible to detect who is the criminal in question.
The more I read his works, the more I become interested to know about this great detective. He is most wonderful creation of Sir Arthur Conan Doyel. His friend and assistant, Dr. Watson is also a significant character.
【分析】
本文书面表达属于应用文，要求写一篇读书感或观后感。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文是一篇读书感或观后感：在你看过的电影、电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么。你的文章必须包括:●描述你印象深刻的一个场景；●说明你对此印象深刻的理由。
第2步：根据写作要求确定关键词，如：fond of reading books（喜爱读书）；my favourite book（我最喜欢的一本书）；unfortable scene（难忘的情节）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态语态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文是一篇感悟，内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。同时文中使用高级句子。使用sothat句型I am so much fond of this book that now and then gets attracted to read it and certainly I have read this book more than hundred times.，The story has been written in so much cleverness and skill that till the last moment it will not be possible to detect who is the criminal in question.；使用the morethe more句型The more I read his works, the more I become interested to know about this great detective.