What can help you make a fortune in the future? Graduating from a top university might not be enough. A new study from the University of Essex in Britain has shown that the more friends you have in school, the more money you'll earn later.
The idea that popularity could have a serious effect on one's earning potentia（潜在性） shouldn't come as too much of a surprise. The researchers found that if you want to get ahead in life, social skills and networking are easily as powerful as talent and hard work..
“If a person has lots of friends, it means that he or she has the ability to get along with others in all kinds of different situations," said Xu Yanchun, 17, from Nantou High School in Shenzhen, who totally agreed with the recent finding. "Also, friends always help each other. They not only create wider social circles for you but lift your mood when you feel bad," said Xu. She believed that all this helps you "earn a higher salary”.
Maybe that's why some people think the younger generations are in the age of Friendalholism (交友狂症). A woman even complained that the networking website Facebook's 5,000-friend limit was too low for her large number of social contacts.
But what does a friend mean? Should friends be regarded as a form of currency（货币）?
“Call me uncoil, but I think of a friend as an actual person with whom I have an actual history and whom I enjoy actually seeing. It seems, however, that this is no longer the definition (定义) of ‘friend',” said Meghan Daum, who works with The Los Angeles Times in the US.
Daum dislikes the idea that quantity trumps quality in the age of friendaholism. She thought the idea of friendship, at least among the growing population of Internet social networkers, was to get as many of not-really-friends as possible. For example, a friend might be someone you might know personally but who could just as easily be the friend of a friend of some other Facebook friend you don't actually know. Although she agreed that social ties grease (润滑) the wheels of life, she also wamed, "Too bad one thing money can't buy is a real friend."
1. What will be needed if you are to achieve success according to the researchers?
A. Social skills, friends, good mood and fortune.
B. Social skills, talent, hard work and facebook.
C. Social skills, networking, potential and fortune.
D. Social skills, networking, talent and hard work.
2. What can friends do in the eyes of Xu Yanchun?
A. They can help you with your schoolwork.
B. They teach you how to make more money.
C. They introduce their friends to you.
D. They help you to get rid of sadness and cheer up.
3. We learn that Meghan Daum's attitude towards friends is somewhat _____.
A. up-to-date B. traditional
C. confused D. optimistic
4. What does the word "trumps" in the last paragraph mean?
A. is worse than B. is equal to
C. is better than D. is similar to
知识点：人生百味类阅读
1. D 2. D 3. B 4. C
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要向人们讲述了朋友在人们生活中的重要作用。你在上学时拥有越多的朋友，那么你以后就会有越多的财富。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中The researchers found that if you want to get ahead in life, social skills and networking are easily as powerful as talent and hard work..可知，如果你要根据研究人员取得成功，你需要社交技能、人脉、人才和勤奋工作。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中friends always help each other. They not only create wider social circles for you but lift your mood when you feel bad," said Xu. She believed that all this helps you "earn a higher salary”.可知，以徐延春看来，朋友能帮助你摆脱悲伤，振作起来。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“Call me uncoil, but I think of a friend as an actual person with whom I have an actual history and whom I enjoy actually seeing. It seems, however, that this is no longer the definition (定义) of ‘friend',”可知，我们知道Meghan Daum对朋友的态度有点传统。故选B。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据最后一段中Daum dislikes the idea that quantity trumps quality in the age of friendaholism. She thought the idea of friendship, at least among the growing population of Internet social networkers, was to get as many of not-really-friends as possible. Daum不喜欢在“滥交朋友”时代，数量胜过质量。她认为，至少在越来越多的互联网社交网络工作者中，友谊的理念是尽可能多地结交朋友。由此推知划线词的意思是“好过，胜过”。故选C。
【点睛】做词义猜测题时，最常见的就是利用上下文语境、常识和语法关系推断词义。千万不能脱离开语境，尤其是要抓住所需推断词汇前后的含义。本题第4小题，根据最后一段中Daum dislikes the idea that quantity trumps quality in the age of friendaholism. She thought the idea of friendship, at least among the growing population of Internet social networkers, was to get as many of not-really-friends as possible. Daum不喜欢在“滥交朋友”时代，数量胜过质量。她认为，至少在越来越多的互联网社交网络工作者中，友谊的理念是尽可能多地结交朋友。由此推知划线词的意思是“好过，胜过”。
The food chain is the order in which animals and plants eat each other in order to survive. Every living creature(生物) needs to eat other creatures below it. Every ecosystem（生态系统） has a different food chain, depending on which animals and plants live there.
The lowest part of the food chain are the plants. They are called producers because they produce their own food by using the sunlight's energy. This process is called photosynthesis(光合作用). Animals are the consumers（消费者） of the food chain.They eat other plants and animals.
Some animals only eat plants.Among this group of herbivores are rabbits,mice and cows. Carnivores are animals that eat other animals,like wolves,foxes and lions.
Each food chain has a predator,the strongest animal that is not eaten by others. Hawks or polar bears are such predators that dominate（支配）their habitats.
Many creatures belong to more than one food chain. Grass,for example,is eaten by many other animals. Food chains that are connected to each other are called food webs.
When an animal dies it is eaten up by worms,bacteria（细菌） and other organisms. These so-called decomposers break down dead animals and plants into small parts and enrich soil so that other plants can grow better. The nutrients of dead animals and plants are converted（转换） back to the soil so that plants can use them again.
The balance of plants and animals within a food chain is determined by nature. For example,if there are too many zebras in an area, many of them will die because they cannot get enough food to feed on. This also means that there is less food for predators, like lions, to eat. And when there are fewer lions the zebra population will grow again.
5. What does the food chain of a certain ecosystem depend on?
A. Which animals and plants live there.
B. Whether animals and plants eat each other.
C. How many kinds of plants are living there.
D. Whether a living creature needs to eat other creatures.
6. Which of the following statements can be called the process of photosynthesis?
A. Animals and plants eat each other in order to survive.
B. Every living creature needs to eat other creatures below it.
C. Plants make use of the sunlight's energy to produce their own food.
D. Animals are the consumers of other plants and animals in a food chain.
7. What does the underlined word “herbivores” in the third paragraph refer to?
A. Animals that eat other animals.
B. Animals that get on well with other animals.
C. Animals that only eat plants.
D. Animals that eat plants and other animals.
8. Which of the following shows the right order of a food chain?
A. bacteria→insects→mice B. grass→insects→foxes
C. bacteria→grass→insects D. grass→rabbits→lions
知识点：科普环保类阅读
5. A 6. C 7. C 8. D
本文是一篇科普知识类说明文。文章用分类和举例的方式说明了食物链以及食物链中各种生物之间的关系。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段的最后一句可知某一生态系统中的食物链是由生存于此的动植物共同决定的。所以选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“theyproducetheirownfoodbyusingthesunlight’senergy.Thisprocessiscalledphotosynthesis”可知，植物利用阳光的能量来生产自己的食物。此处应选C。
【7题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段Some animals only eat plants.Among this group of herbivores are rabbits,mice and cows. Carnivores are animals that eat other animals,like wolves,foxes and lions.可知，有些动物只吃植物。在这群食草动物中，有兔子、老鼠和奶牛。食肉动物是吃其他动物的动物，比如狼、狐狸和狮子。故选C。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。由文章的第三段可知，草、野兔和狮子可以组成一个食物链。所以选D。
When you are a child, the whole world is like a big playground. I was living in Conyers, Georgia the summer when it all happened. I was a second grader, and my best friend Stephanie was only in the first grade.Both of our parents were at work and most of the time they let us go our own way.
It was a hot afternoon and we decided to have an adventure in Stephanie's basement. As I opened the basement door, I spotted a red steel can.It was paint. I looked beyond it and there lay even more paint in bright color1s like purple, orange, blue and green.
"Stephanie, I just found us a project for the day. Get some paintbrushes. Let’s paint." She screamed with excitement as I told her of my plans and immediately we got to work. We gathered all the brushes we could find and moved all of our materials to my yard. There on the road in front of my house, we painted big stripes(条纹)of color1s across the pavement (人行道). Stripe by stripe, our color1s turned into a beautiful rainbow. It was fantastic!
The sun was starting to sink. I saw a car in the distance and jumped up as I recognized the car. It was my mother. I couldn't wait to show her my masterpiece. The car pulled slowly into the driveway and from the look on my mother's face, I could tell that I was in deep trouble.
My mother shut the car door and walked towards me. Her eyes glaring, she shouted, "What in the world were you thinking？I understood when you made castles out of leaves, and climbed the neighbors' trees, but this!Come inside right now!"I stood there glaring back at her for a minute, angry because she had insulted (侮辱) my art.
"Now go clean it up!"Mother and I began cleaning the road. Tears ran down my cheeks as I saw my beautiful rainbow turn into black cement（水泥）.
Though years have now passed, I still wonder where my rainbow has gone. I wonder if, maybe when I get older, I can find my rainbow and never have to brush it away. I guess we all need some sort of rainbow to brighten our lives from time to time and to keep our hopes and dreams color1ful.
9. What did the writer want to do when his mother came home？
A. To introduce Stephanie to her.
B. To prevent her from seeing his painting.
C. To put the materials back in the yard.
D. To show his artwork to her.
10. In his mother's eyes, the writer_______.
A. was a born artist B. always caused trouble
C. was a problem solver D. worked very hard
11. The underlined word "rainbow" in the last paragraph refers to______.
A. the rainbow in the sky B. the stripes on the pavement
C. something imaginative and fun D. important lessons learned in childhood
12. It can be learned from the passage that parents should______.
A. encourage children to paint
B. value friendship among children
C. discover the hidden talent in children
D. protect rather than destroy children's dreams
知识点：日常生活类阅读
9. D 10. B 11. C 12. D
本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述作者的开心的画彩虹的过程，到后来被母亲要求把街道清理干净，到最后的感慨，表明作者写作的最终想要表达的目的之一是：父母应该支持孩子的某些创造性的行为，而不是意味的否定。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段I saw a car in the distance and jumped up as I recognized the car. It was my mother. I couldn't wait to show her my masterpiece.可知我当时是很高兴的，想把我的杰作给母亲看。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五、六段可以推断出，母亲特别反感作者的一切行为，所以很生气，认为她是一个麻烦制造者。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段作者的感慨to keep our hopes and dreams color1ful.可以推断此时作者提到的rainbow不是指自己曾经画过的街上的彩虹，而是指自己的人生中的彩虹。故选C。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。从整篇文章开头叙述作者的开心的画彩虹的过程，到后来被母亲要求把街道清理干净，到最后的感慨，表明作者写作的最终想要表达的目的之一是：父母应该支持孩子的某些创造性的行为，而不是意味的否定。故选D。
Some people make you feel comfortable when they are around. You spend an hour with them and feel you are already close friends. They are always good talkers.
Here are several skills that good talkers have in common. If you follow the skills, they’ll help you put people at their ease, and make friends with them quickly.___13___
First of all,good talkers ask questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy he is, will answer a question. One well-known businesswoman says, “At business lunches, I always ask people what they did that morning.___14___” From there you can move on to other matters—sometimes to really personal questions.___15___.Second,once good talkers have asked questions, they listen to the answers . Your questions should have a point and help to tell what sort of person you are talking to. And to find out, you really have to listen carefully .
Real listening at least means some things. If someone sticks to one topic, you can take it as a fact that he’s really interested in it. Real listening also means not just listening to words, but to tones of voice. ___16___
Finally, good talkers know well how to “say goodbye”.If you’re saying goodbye, you may give him a firm handshake and say,“I’ve really enjoyed meeting you.”_____17_____.Let people know what you feel, and they may walk away,happy and satisfied.
A.You can become a popular person.
B.You’d better change the subject if the voice sounds dull.
C.Don’t be afraid to say so if you want to see that person again.
D.Although the question is common，it will get things going.
E.It’s polite to listen to others with a smile.
F.And how he answers will let you know how far you can go.
G.These people have something in common.
知识点：语法填空
13. A 14. D
15. F 16. B
17. C
本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章讲述的是和别人交往时怎样能够成为一名擅长谈话的人，文中给出了一些可行性建议。
【13题详解】
上文提示“如果你遵循这些技能，他们会帮助你让人们放松，并迅速与他们交朋友。”承接上文，A项You can become a popular person.（你能变成一个受欢迎的人。）切题。故选A。
【14题详解】
上文提示“在商务午餐时，我总是问人们那天早上他们做了什么。”承接上文，D项Although the question is common，it will get things going.（尽管这个问题很普遍，但它会让事情进展顺利。）切题。该项中的the question与上文的问题相吻合，故选D。
【15题详解】
上文提示“从那里你可以转移到其他事情上——有时是真正的私人问题。”承接上文，F项And how he answers will let you know how far you can go.（他的回答会让你知道你能走多远。）切题。故选F。
【16题详解】
上文提示“真正的倾听不仅意味着倾听话语，还意味着声音的音调。”承接上文，B项You’d better change the subject if the voice sounds dull.（如果声音听起来很无聊，你最好换个话题。）切题。故选B。
【17题详解】
下文提示“让人们知道你的感受，他们可能会走开，快乐而满足。”承接下文，C项Don’t be afraid to say so if you want to see that person again.（如果你想再见到那个人，不要害怕说出来。）切题。故选C。
In a small open courtyard, outside a school building, there were flowers here and there. In the sunshine，a ___18___ was lying on the grass，reading a book with ___19___ attention. Near her，another child was carefully watering the flowers, while a third was ___20___ with his back against a tree and had a ___21___ on his knees. He appeared to be drawing or writing something on it. He was ___22___ in his task, like the first child.
___23___ the building, there were pleasant carpeted areas. Many children were busy with their tasks in a variety of ways，___24___ teachers wandered among them, talking to them，___25___ them, and encouraging their efforts.
___26___ I watched this scene on a morning in May years ago, it ___27___ me that a visitor here ___28___ never have thought he had entered a formal school. He would have been even more ___29___ if he had been told that the children he was ___30___ came from different kinds of academic（学业） levels.
That ___31___ has been staying with me ever since. I have been ___32___ about some problems. Why in many schools are our children often asked to learn skills in a way ___33___ from a real-life context（情境）? Why does a lively school child so ___34___ become a defeated school failure?
Developmental psychologist（心理学家）Margaret Donald once said, “Much of the intellectual framework (知识框架) on which we ___35___ our teaching is misleading.” In my opinion, a child learns everything in human ___36___. And if every child could learn in the same way as the children in the school ___37___ I visited years ago，they would develop better.
18. A. gardener B. child C. teacher D. visitor
19. A. poor B. little C. full D. slight
20. A. sitting B. standing C. Sleeping D. listening
21. A. toy B. pencil C. flower D. notebook
22. A. settled B. set C. defeated D. lost
23. A. Over B. Above C. Inside D. Outside
24. A. during B. while C. until D. even if
25. A. referring to B. pointing to C. smiling at D. staring at
26. A. As B. Unless C. Until D. Before
27. A. came up with B. thought about C. attacked D. hit
28. A. could B. should C. must D. need
29. A. satisfied B. surprised C. pleased D. disappointed
30. A. helping B. spotting C. seeking D. watching
31. A. scene B. sign C. look D. view
32. A. dreaming B. regretting C. wondering D. joking
33. A. taken B. prevented C. learned D. separated
34. A. often B. hardly C. seldom D. badly
35. A. feed B. base C. turn D. discover
36. A. race B. position C. situation D. case
37. A. when B. which C. to which D. in which
知识点：完型填空
18. B 19. C 20. A 21. D 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B 36. C 37. B
本文是一篇议论文。为什么很多学校要求孩子学东西的方式与真实生活差之甚远？为什么天真活泼的学童如此经常地成为学校失败教育的产物？许多孩子忙着各干各的，老师在他们中间走来走去，与他们说着话，面带微笑，对他们的努力予以鼓励。发展心理学家玛格丽特.唐纳德曾说：“我们教学上所依据的智力架构中，存在着太多的误导。”我认为，孩子是在人文的环境里学习各种东西。如果每个孩子以我所参观的那所学校同样的方式学习，他们的发展会好的多。
【18题详解】
考查名词的辨析和对语境的理解。A. gardener园丁； B. child孩子； C. teacher 教师；D. visitor访问者。由下文的another child可以直接得出答案。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查形容词的辨析和对语境的理解。A. poor可怜的；B. little小的；C. full满的；D. slight轻微的。with complete concentration全神贯注。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查动词的辨析和对语境的理解。A. sitting坐；B. standing站；C. sleeping睡；D. listening听。由后面的“with his back against a tree”可以看出，应选sitting。故选A。
【21题详解】
考查名词的辨析和对语境的理解。A. toy玩具；B. pencil铅笔；C. flower花；D. notebook笔记本。由“to be drawing or writing something on it”可以看出，四个选项中只有 notebook符合要求。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词的辨析和对语境的理解。 A. settled 解决；B. set树立；C. defeated打败；D. lost丢失。 be lost in sth.相当于lose oneself in sth.，意思是：专心做某事。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查介词的辨析和对语境的理解。 A. Over在……之上（正上方）；B. Above超过，在……之上；；C. Inside 在……之内；D. Outside在……之外。第一段描述的是教学楼外的情景，而这一段描述的是教学楼内的情景，所以 对应文章第一句中的outside，这里要选择inside。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查连词。A. during在---期间；B. while然而；C. until直到---为止；D. even if即使。许多孩子都以各种方式忙于他们的任务，而老师们则在他们中间游荡，与他们交谈，对他们微笑，鼓励他们的努力。此处while“然而”，前后形成鲜明对比，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析和对语境的理解。 A. referring to 参考、涉及；B. smiling at冲着……微笑；C. pointing to指向；D. staring at凝视、盯着看；句意为：老师在学生们中走动，和他们交流，对他们微笑……。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查连词的辨析和对语境的理解A. As当---的时候；B. Unless 除非；C. Until 直到---为止；D. Before在---之前。句意为：当我数年前五月的一个上午见到这一幕的时候，我突然想到来这里的客人绝不会想到他已进入了一所正规的学校。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词的辨析和对语境的理解。A. came up with提出； B. thought about思考；C. attacked攻击； D. hit撞击，击打。 It hit me that是固定句型，意思是：我突然想到……。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查情态动词。A. could能够；B. should应该；C. must必须；D. need需要。根据it ___10___ me that a visitor here ___11___ never have thought he had entered a formal school.可知，我突然想到，这里的一位客人从来没有想到他可能已经进入了一所正规的学校。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词辨析和对语境的理解。 A. satisfied 感到满意；B. surprised感到吃惊； C. pleased感到高兴；D. disappointed感到失望。这里是接着上一句的描述来说的。知道了这是在正规学校的学生的学习情况，来访者肯定会吃惊的，而后面的事情：这些学生（原来的）水平却是不同的，这使人更加吃惊。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词的辨析和对语境的理解。A. helping 帮助；B. spotting 发现； C. seeking寻找；D. watching观看。这里的主语是前文所说的visitor，那些孩子们的活动只能是他观察而来的。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词的辨析和对语境的理解。 A. scene场面、情景；B. sign迹象、符号、指示牌；C. look样子；D. view视野。上一段第一句有暗示。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词的辨析和对语境的理解。A. dreaming梦想；B. regretting后悔；C. wondering纳闷、想知道；D. joking开玩笑。这里表示作者想知道这些问题的答案。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词的辨析和对语境的理解。 A. taken拿、带；B. prevented阻止；C. learned学习；D. separated分开。上文描述的孩子们在教学楼内外的学习方式是和现实生活联系在一起的，而我们所谓的正式的学校教育却是脱离现实生活的，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查副词。A. often经常；B. hardly几乎不；C. seldom很少，难得； D. badly非常，严重地。根据Why does a lively school child so ___17___ become a defeated school failure?可知，为什么一个活泼的学生会成为一个学业上的失败者呢？故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词。A. feed 喂养； B. base以---作基础；C. turn转变；D. discover发现。根据Much of the intellectual framework (知识框架) on which we ___18___ our teaching is misleading.可知，我们的教学基础上的许多知识框架都具有误导性。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查名词。A. race种族；B. position位置；C. situation情况；D. case实例。根据In my opinion, a child learns everything in human ___19___.可知，在我看来，一个孩子在人类的处境中学习一切。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。根据if every child could learn in the same way as the children in the school ___20___ I visited years ago，they would develop better.可知，如果每个孩子都能像我几年前访问过的学校里的孩子那样学习，他们会发展得更好。故选B。
根据所给首字母写出正确的单词来完成句子。
注意：将首字母一起填写到答题卷上，即答题卷上要写出完整的单词。
38. The subway line，which was originally set to begin operation in early 2018，is opening ahead of s_________.
39. With the advanced medical treatment，the boy has r_________ from the terrible illness.
40. Nowadays every company would prefer to hire a man who has a good c_________ of English.
41. Being r_________ in public often brings the movie stars much trouble，so they always wear dark glasses to avoid it.
42. He seems to be doing nothing，but a_________ he is just waiting for a chance.
43. When travelling，please remember not to be p_________ into buying something useless but expensive by the guide.
44. He is not a r_________ person，for he never carries out his promises.
45. It was his optimistic（乐观的）a_________ to life and hard work that finally led him to his successful career.
46. The police will offer a r_________ of ＄1000 to anyone who provides useful information to catch the robber.
47. A h_________ is the title of a newspaper story，printed in large letters at the top of the story，especially on the front page.
知识点：单词拼写
38. schedule
39. recovered
40. command
41. recognized
42. actually
43. persuaded
44. reliable
45. attitude
46. reward 47. headline
根据所给首字母写出正确的单词来完成句子。
【38题详解】
句意：原定于2018年初开始运营的地铁线路提前开工。ahead of schedule提前，故答案为schedule。
【39题详解】
句意：经过先进的治疗，这个男孩已经从可怕的疾病中恢复过来了。固定词组：recover from从---恢复回来，故答案为recovered。
【40题详解】
句意：现在每个公司都更愿意雇佣一个精通英语的人。have a good command of对…掌握熟练，故答案为command。
【41题详解】
句意：在公共场合被认出来往往会给电影明星带来很多麻烦，所以他们总是戴着墨镜以避免这种情况。此处是动名词一般式的被动式做主语，故答案为recognized。
【42题详解】
句意：他似乎什么也没做，但实际上他只是在等待一个机会。副词修饰整个句子，故答案为actually。
【43题详解】
句意：在旅行时，请记住不要被向导说服去买一些没用的东西，并且价格昂贵。此处是动词不定式一般式的被动式做宾语，故答案为persuaded。
【44题详解】
句意：他不是一个可靠的人，因为他从不履行他的诺言。形容词修饰名词，故答案为reliable。
【45题详解】
句意：正是他对生活和努力工作的乐观态度，最终使他成功地完成了自己的事业。结合句意可知答案为attitude。
【46题详解】
句意：警方将悬赏1000美元给任何提供有用信息的人，以抓住强盗。故答案为reward。
【47题详解】
句意：一个头条新闻是报纸故事的标题，在故事的顶部印上大写字母，尤其是在头版。故答案为headline。
48. With the __________ (determine) to improve my spoken English,i seize any opportunity to communicate with the native.
49. I’m sending you the book along with the material __________(concern).
50. __________(judge) from their speech，government leaders are increasing anxious about the air pollution issues.
51. The hospital，__________（found）in 2015，is aimed to give helping hands to the poor.
52. The cook who was found smoking in the kitchen is lucky to escape __________（fire）.
53. We’d like to know what use we can make __________ these waste materials.
54. He found himself fighting the big retail chains，__________（devote） his life to make the business work.
55. You must have witnessed cases __________ people are living in fear and depression.
56. It was on the morning of May 1st __________ I met LuHan at the airport.
57. Realizing he had wasted too much time and __________ he didn't live up to his parents’ expectations，the boy determined to stop playing games.
知识点：单词拼写
48. determination
49. conceded
50. judging
51. founded
52. being fired
53. of
54. devoting
55. where
56. that
57. that
【分析】
单句语法填空
【48题详解】
句意：我决心提高我的英语口语，我抓住任何机会与当地人交流。根据定冠词the可知后面用名词，故答案为determination。
【49题详解】
句意：我把这本书连同相关材料一起寄给你。此处是with的独立主格结构，with+宾语+宾语补足语，the material和concern之间是被动关系，故答案为concerned。
【50题详解】
现在分词的独立成分。Judging from根据---来判断，故答案为Judging。
【51题详解】
句意：这家医院成立于2015年，旨在为穷人提供帮助。The hospital和found之间是被动关系，此处是过去分词做后置定语，故答案为founded。
【52题详解】
句意：被发现在厨房吸烟的厨师很幸运地逃脱了被解雇。escape doing sth.逃脱做某事，此处句子主语The cook和fire之间是被动关系，所以用动名词一般式的被动式，故答案为being fired。
【53题详解】
句意：我们想知道我们怎样利用这些废料。固定词组：make use of利用，故答案为of。
【54题详解】
句意：他发现自己在与大型零售连锁店对抗，他的一生都在努力工作。句子主语he和devote之间是一种转折关系，此处是现在分词做伴随状语，故答案为devoting。
【55题详解】
句意：你一定目睹过人们生活在恐惧和沮丧之中的情况。此处cases是先行词，在后面的定语从句中做地点状语，故答案为where。
【56题详解】
句意：我是在5月1日上午在机场遇到卢汉的。此处是强调句型，It is/was +强调部分+that+---，故答案为that。
【57题详解】
句意：意识到自己浪费了太多的时间，而且他没有达到父母的期望，男孩决定停止玩游戏。Realizing后面是两个并列的that引导的定语从句，第一个that可以省略，第二个that不能省略，故答案为that。
【点睛】强调句
1. 用It is／wasthat／who句型表示强调。
（1）陈述句的强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其它部分。 e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
（2）一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。 e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
（3）特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
2. notuntil句型的强调句：
句型为：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其它部分：
e.g. 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
3. 强调谓语动词：用助动词do, does或did加动词原形来强调谓语动词。注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时态用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。如：Do come early. 务必早来。He did send you a letter last week. 昨天他确实寄给你一封信。
58. I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long ___________________________________________________________.
59. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers ___________________________________________________________.That's changed since I came here.
60. Then gradually between about AD 800 AND 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.These new settlers ___________________________________________________________.
61. What is standard English？Is it spoken in Britain，the US，Canada，Australia，India and New Zealand？___________________________________________________________.
62. She can be really stubborn.Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places，she ______________________________________________________.
63. Although it was autumn，the snow was already beginning to fall in Tibet.Our legs were ______________________________________________________.
64. To the north of the city，most of the 10000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.Workers ______________________________________________________.
65. Fresh water was taken to the city by train，truck and plane.Slowly，
______________________________________________________.
66. “The last thirty years have seen _______________________________________，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.”
67. “We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful；when this was not allowed___________________________________________________.”
知识点：翻译
58. that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature
59. could never have kept me spellbound
60. enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary
61. Believe it or not，there is no such things as standard English
62. insisted that she organize the trip properly
63. so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice
64. built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destoryed
65. the city began to breathe again
66. the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress
67. only then did we decide to answer violence with violence
根据课文内容填空或所给汉语提示完成句子。
【58题详解】
根据前半句I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long结合课文内容可知答案为that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature
【59题详解】
根据前半句I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers结合课文内容可知答案为could never have kept me spellbound
【60题详解】
根据前半句Then gradually between about AD 800 AND 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.These new settlers结合课文内容可知答案为enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary
【61题详解】
根据问句What is standard English？Is it spoken in Britain，the US，Canada，Australia，India and New Zealand可知答案为Believe it or not，there is no such things as standard English
【62题详解】
根据所给内容She can be really stubborn.Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places，she再结合课文可知答案为insisted that she organize the trip properly
【63题详解】
根据前半句Although it was autumn，the snow was already beginning to fall in Tibet.Our legs were再结合课文内容so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice
【64题详解】
根据所给内容To the north of the city，most of the 10000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.Workers再结合课文可知答案为built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destoryed
【65题详解】
根据所给内容Fresh water was taken to the city by train，truck and plane.Slowly，再结合课文可知答案为the city began to breathe again
【66题详解】
根据所给内容“The last thirty years have seen _______________________________________，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.”再结合课文可知答案为the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress
【67题详解】
根据所给内容“We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful；when this was not allowed___________________________________________________.”再结合课文可知答案为only then did we decide to answer violence with violence
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错误的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My uncle lived in the countryside. He kept a dog calling Leopard. One day my uncle go to work in the fields，taking along my little brother and Leopard. My brother and Leopard came to a river nearby and enjoyed them． My brother was trying to catch a butterfly while he fell into the river． Leopard barked and immediate jumped into a river. Hearing about him barking， my uncle hurried there and saw Leopard swimming towards the bank carrying my brother．Leopard did all he could save my little brother, that moved all the people present．Everyone praised Leopard for his bravery and kind．
知识点：短文改错
My uncle lived in the countryside. He kept a dog calling Leopard. One day my uncle
called
go to work in the fields，taking along my little brother and Leopard. My brother and
went
Leopard came to a river nearby and enjoyed them． My brother was trying to catch a
themselves
butterfly while he fell into the river． Leopard barked and immediate jumped into
when immediately
a river. Hearing about him barking， my uncle hurried there and saw Leopard swimming
the 去掉
towards the bank carrying my brother．Leopard did all he could∧ save my little
to
brother, that moved all the people present．Everyone praised Leopard for his bravery
which
and kind．
kindness
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者叔叔家的狗Leopard竭尽全力去救作者掉进河里的弟弟，他的行为感动了所有在场的人。每个人都称赞Leopard的勇敢和善良。
【详解】1.考查过去分词。句意：他养了一只叫Leopard的狗。a dog和 call之间是被动关系，此处是过去分词做后置定语，故把calling→called。
2.考查时态。此处One day指过去的一天，句子用一般过去时态，故把go→went。
3.考查固定搭配。enjoy oneself玩得开心，故把them→themselves。
4.考查固定句式。主语+was/were doing sth.---when 主语+一般过去时态，“正在做某事，这时候---”，故把while→when。
5.考查副词。此处jump是动词，副词修饰动词，故把immediate→immediately。
6.考查冠词。句意：Leopard吠叫，立即跳入河中。此处特指上文提到的“小河”，故把into a river→into the river。
7.考查及物动词。句意：听到他的叫声，---。此处hear（听见）是及物动词，故把后面的about去掉。
8.考查动词不定式做目的状语。句意：Leopard尽其所能拯救我的小弟弟，他的举动感动了所有在场的人。此处是动词不定式做目的状语，故在could后加to。
9.考查定语从句。句意：Leopard尽其所能拯救我的小弟弟，他的举动感动了所有在场的人。此处是前面整个句子做先行词，后面的非限制性定语从句用which引导，故把that→which。
10.考查名词。句意：每个人都称赞Leopard的勇敢和善良。形容词性物主代词后面用名词形式，此处是并列的名词，故把kind→kindness。
【点睛】与并列连词when相关的句式归纳
1． be (just) about to do when
She was just about to say something more when she noticed the sullen look on his face．她刚要再说些什么， 却突然看到了他阴沉的脸色。
2． be (just) on the point of doing sth when
They were on the point of giving up when the captain encouraged them fiercely to save the ship． 就在他们快要放弃努力时， 船长鼓励他们竭尽全力挽救轮船。
3． be going to do when
He was going to run away， when the policemen came． 他正打算逃跑， 警察突然出现了。
4． be doing sth when
The children are playing football on the playground， when it began to rain． 孩子们正在操场上踢足球， 突然下起了大雨。
5． be busy doing when
I was busy doing my homework when one of my classmates came． 我正忙着做作业， 这时我的一个同学来找我。
6． had （just) done when
I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang． 在劳累了一天之后， 我刚要上床睡觉， 这时电话响了。
7． had not done when
I hadn’t walked a few steps when I realized that he asked for the direc-tion to my office building．我还没走出去几步远， 突然意识到他问的是去办公大楼的方向。
8． be + 介词短语 + when
He was on his way to a lecture when a tourist stopped him and asked him for directions．在他去听课的路上， 一名游客拦住他问路。
假定你是某一英文报纸的记者，请根据下列表格，以A Big Forest Fire为题,写一篇简单报道，词数100左右。
时间、地点
10月2日，澳大利亚维多利亚州(Victoria)西南部森林，持续四个多星期
起因
某青年扔烟蒂(stub)
救援
数千名消防队员(fireman)及当地群众
后果
19人死亡，约80人受伤，至少3000万美元损失
影响
全国震惊。伤者康复，惩处肇事者。呼吁行事谨慎，避免引起类似灾难。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
知识点：书面表达
A big forest fire broke out in the southwest forests in Victoria, Australia on October 2nd. It caused many deaths and injuries.
Having lasted more than 4 weeks, the big fire was finally put out by thousands of firemen with the help of the local people. About 80 people got injured and 19 lost their lives in the fire, which also caused at least a damage of 30,000,000 dollars. After a careful investigation, the fire, shocking the whole country, proved to be caused by a careless young man who threw away the stub after he finished smoking in the forest.
【分析】
本文书面表达属于应用文，要求写一一篇简单报道。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇是一一篇简单报道：假定你是某一英文报纸的记者，请根据下列表格，以A Big Forest Fire为题,写一篇简单报道，词数100左右。时间、地点：10月2日，澳大利亚维多利亚州(Victoria)西南部森林，持续四个多星期；起因：某青年扔烟蒂(stub)；救援：数千名消防队员(fireman)及当地群众；后果：19人死亡，约80人受伤，至少3000万美元损失；影响：全国震惊。伤者康复，惩处肇事者。呼吁行事谨慎，避免引起类似灾难。
第2步：根据写作要求确定关键词，如：Victoria（维多利亚）；fireman（消防队员）；many deaths and injuries（很多死亡人数和受伤人数）；After a careful investigation（一个细心的调查之后）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态语态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。文中使用高级句子。Having lasted more than 4 weeks, the big fire was finally put out by thousands of firemen with the help of the local people.现在分词完成式做原因状语；About 80 people got injured and 19 lost their lives in the fire, which also caused at least a damage of 30,000,000 dollars.句中which引导非限制性定语从句；the fire, shocking the whole country, proved to be caused by a careless young man who threw away the stub after he finished smoking in the forest.动词不定式一般式的被动式做宾语，同时who引导定语从句。