位于青海省玉树州可可西里腹地的卓乃湖为高原内流湖,它是我国藏羚羊重要的产羔地。2011年9月14日卓乃湖发生大溃堤，引发洪水灾害，导致大量湖水外泄。下图是2011年卓乃湖溃堤前后面积及湖岸线动态变化遥感监测示意图。据此完成下面小题。
![](http://user.ks5u.cn/html/2018-01-17/OPZTB-VJLgZVWe-201811714412.008.png"/></p><p style="font-size:11pt; line-height:150%; margin:0pt; orphans:0; widows:0">14. 据图推测卓乃湖发生大溃堤的地点为</p><p style="font-size:11pt; line-height:150%; margin:0pt; orphans:0; widows:0">A. 甲地 B. 乙地 C. 丙地 D. 丁地</p><p style="font-size:11pt; line-height:150%; margin:0pt; orphans:0; widows:0">15. 卓乃湖本次发生大溃堤的主要原因是</p><p style="font-size:11pt; line-height:150%; margin:0pt; orphans:0; widows:0">A. 冰川融水量的增加 B. 持续的强降水过程</p><p style="font-size:11pt; line-height:150%; margin:0pt; orphans:0; widows:0">C. 冻土中的水分释放 D. 大量藏羚羊的踩踏</p><p style="font-size:11pt; line-height:150%; margin:0pt; orphans:0; widows:0">16. 卓乃湖溃堤产生的主要影响是</p><p style="font-size:11pt; line-height:150%; margin:0pt; orphans:0; widows:0">A. 藏羚羊饮水的距离减小 B. 湖岸附近土地沙化减少</p><p style="font-size:11pt; line-height:150%; margin:0pt; orphans:0; widows:0">C. 下游水体面积短期增加 D. 湖泊环境调节作用增强</p></p> <br/>
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<b style="background-color: buttonface; padding: 5px 10px;">知识点：地理</b></p>
<p style="font-size:11pt; line-height:150%; margin:0pt; orphans:0; widows:0"><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">14. A 15. B 16. C</span></p><p style="font-size:11pt; line-height:150%; margin:0pt; orphans:0; widows:0"><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">14. </span><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">据图可知，连续几天的湖岸线动态变化甲处变化不大，说明坡度较陡，因此最易发生大溃堤。故选</span><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">A。</span></p><p style="font-size:11pt; line-height:150%; margin:0pt; orphans:0; widows:0"><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">15. </span><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">卓乃湖位于青藏高原</span><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">,</span><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">湖水补给来源包括降水、冰雪融水和上游河水等。大量补给水注入湖泊</span><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">,</span><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">水位大幅度上涨</span><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">,</span><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">导致大溃堤</span><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">，</span><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">本次发生大溃堤的主要原因是连续几天的持续降水。故选</span><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">B。</span></p><p style="font-size:11pt; line-height:150%; margin:0pt; orphans:0; widows:0"><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">16. </span><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">卓乃湖外泄可能淹没或冲毁藏羚羊的迁徙通道；卓乃湖面积骤减可能导致湖床裸露，湖岸草地退化（沙化），食物短缺；藏羚羊饮水变得困难，但可能使下游水体面积短期增加。故选</span><span style="color1:#000000; font-family:宋体; font-size:11pt">C。</span></p>
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