初中英语动词不定式的用法小结外研版英语九年级3篇
初中英语动词不定式的用法小结外研版英语九年级3篇
初中英语动词不定式的用法小结外研版英语九年级(1)
初中英语动词不定式用法梳理4
动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。现对九年级动词不定式的用法作一次简要梳理。
一、用作主语
直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：
1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge... (p.8)
2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. (p.16)
3.How to make requests politely is important.(p.93)
二、用作表语
动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如：
1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. (p.7)
2.The first thing is to greet the teacher. (p.96)
三、用作宾语
1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：
假装学习失败( pretend, learn, fail); 决心想要开始(decide ,want , start);
愿意希望计划(would like, hope,expect,plan); 请求同意帮助(ask, agree, help );
宁愿选择尽力 (prefer, choose, try);
1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. (p.88)
2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.(p.50)
3)I’d love to visit Mexico.(p.53)
2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：
1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?(p.92)
2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. (p.32)
3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。如：
I find it difficult to remember everything. (p.98)
4.既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如：
1)Then I started to watch English-language TV.(p.6)
2)I’m beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. (p.116)
begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。
3)I like to eat vegetables. (p.118)
感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。
5.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。如：
1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.(p.107)
2)I stopped using them last year. (p.121)
四、用作定语
1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式。如：
1)I have so many chores to do today.(p.112)
2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. (p.31)
3)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.(p.75)
2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时，不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。如：1)He needs time to do homework.(p.19)
2)Is that a good place to hang out？(p.88)
3)You want to know the best way to get around the city.(p.127)
3.在“there be...”句型里，句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象，常用主动式。如：
1)There’s just so much to see and do here.(p.49)
2)... but there are still many things to do there.(p.54)
五、用作补语
动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态句里补宾语，在被动语态句里补主语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。
1.在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：
想要告诉教导( want tell,teach )； 要求允许建议(ask, allow, permit, advise)；
希望愿意等待( wish, would love，wait for)；期望邀请鼓励(expect, invite, encourage)。如：
1)I’d invite her to have dinner at my house.(p.29)
2)Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. (p.18)
3)Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones.(p.101)
2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：
1)This picture makes me feel tense！(p.106)
2)Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.(p.24)
3.help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。一般说来，带to表间接帮助，不带to表直接帮助。在被动语态句里，或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to。如：
1)... they can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.(p.106)
2)Using email English helps you write quickly. (p.100)
4.be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。如：
1)He doesn’t seem to have many friends.(p.19)
2)Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.(p.114)
六、用作状语
1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：
1)In order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary.(p.93)
2)A group of young people got together to(in order to / so as to) discuss this question. (p.50)
to do / in order to do / so as to do用作目的状语，置句末时都可以用，置句首时只用to do / in order to do。so as to do一般不置于句首，可以引导结果状语从句，in order to do不引导结果状语从句。
2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。如：
1)My dogs name is “Lucky”—a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him.(p.66)
2)On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. (p.64)
3.结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”结构句中。如：
1)Then I’m too tired to do well. What should I do?(p.28)
2)The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.(p.56)
4.有些动词不定式作状语，常说明前面形容词的性质和特性。动词不定式与句子的主语有逻辑的动宾关系。动词不定式前面的形容词一般是：cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, fun, hard, interesting, necessary。不定式常用主动式表被动意义。
... the mistakes you made are necessary for you to learn and understand.(p.116)
这类句子中的动词不定式可改为主语。
5.独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。如：
1)Id like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.(p.50)
2)To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word. (p.6)
七、动词不定式的复合结构
动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，不说明人的特性。前面如果是名词用for。如：
1.Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening. (p.22)
2.Zoos are terrible places for animals to live.(p.120)
八、带疑问词的不定式短语
动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。如：
1.用作句子的成分。
1)I don’t know what to try next. (p.49)(作宾语)
2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主语)
2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。
1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?)
2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)
九、动词不定式的否定式
不定式的否定式是not / never to do...，不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do...如：
1.Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each other.(p.8)
2.His parents tell him never to drive after drinking.
初中英语动词不定式的用法小结外研版英语九年级(2)
动词不定式用法
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。
下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。
1．作主语
可以直接作主语。如： To see is to believe．
但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如：
It"s wrong to play tricks on other people．
It"s our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy．
点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth句型中，表示说话人对客观事件的决断，意为：做…..是……的，it仅作形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth
It is very interesting to read.读书是有趣的
It is useful to read.看书是有用的
It is healthy to run every day.每天跑步是健康的
It is a little difficulty for me to work out this question.解出这道题对我来说有点难
It is bad not to finish homework.不完成作业是糟糕的
It is bad to be late for school.迟到是糟糕的
It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪，与It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth的意义不同。
It is very kind of you to tell me the truth．你能告诉我事实，真是太好了
It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing． 他做那件傻事，真是太笨了
It is very clever of you to work out this question. 你能解出这道题目，真是太聪明了
It is very wise of you to read this novel. 你看这本小说，真是太明智了
这个句型中用介词of而不是for的原因是这里的形容词是用来形容人的品质性格的。
类似的词有：careless，careful，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind， naughty，nice，silly，stupid，friendly
因此区分是用It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth还是It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth，要清楚adj修饰的是sb还是to do sth
例如：It is nice for me to have breakfast with you（nice是指have breakfast with you这件事）对于我来说，能和你一起吃早餐真好。
It is nice of you to help him with his English.（nice是指you，形容人的品质）你帮他补习英语，真是太好了。
2．作宾语
a．want，decide ，agree，afford， agree， aim， appear， ask， believe， care，claim，decide ，demand， desire， determine， expect， fail， happen， hesitate， hope， intend（有打算）， learn， long（渴望）， manage， offer， pretend， promise， prepare， refuse， seek， swear（发誓）， undertake（承担），want， wish等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如：
We agreed to start early．
She wants to be a doctor．
b．love，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。
点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。
提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。如：
I like swimming，but I don"t like to swim now．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。
c．stop，forget，remember，go on ，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
提示板：
1）stop to do sth．：停止一件事，去做另一件事。
stop doing sth．：停止正在做的事。
2）forget to do sth：忘记要去做某事（未做）
forget doing sth：忘记做过某事（已做）
3）remember to do sth：记得去做某事（未做）
remember doing sth：记得做过某事（已做）
4）go on to do sth：接着做另一件事（接下去做与原来不同的一件事）
go on doing sth：继续不停的做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事
5）try to do sth：试着做某事（实际上意思是努力想做成某事eg:I tried to escape,but I failed.我努力着想逃走，但是没有成功）
Try doing sth：试着做某事（实际上是为了达到另外一个目的，-------"So hot here,isn"t it?" -------"Yes,why not try turning on the air conditioner?" "很热，是吧。" “恩，就是。咱们开开空调吧，看看能不能凉快点儿。”）
例句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk． 当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。
d．在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋to do sth．句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。就是说不定式由it代替，把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达：动词(如find， think，consider，feel等)+it+ 形容词+不定式。如：
She considers it necessary to make friends with him.
We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o’clock.
The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep．
I feel it easy to recite the text．
e. 动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式：
这类动词常见的有advise， decide， find out， forget， inquire， know， learn， see， regard， remember， teach， tell， understand， wonder等。常见的疑问代(副)词有: what， when， where， which， how， whether等。
1.He does not know when to start.
2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.
3.I will show you how to deal with it.
3．作宾语补足语
a．tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如：
I tell him not to go there by bus ．
Edison"s mother taught him to read and write．
b．let，make，have，see，hear，feel，watch， notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如：
The boss makes them work 16 hours a day． I heard her sing in the next room．
提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上。如：
They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss．
She was heard to sing in the next room．
4．作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面
例句：I have a lot of work to do．
He could do nothing to help the boy．
There was really nothing to fear．
He gave me an interesting book to read
点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。
提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。如：
I have a small bedroom to live in．
Have you got some pens to write with？
Mary needs a friend to play with．
That girl has nothing to worry about．
They have a strict teacher to listen to．
5．表语：放在连系动词be后面
例句：His wish is to become a scientist．
The first important thing is to save the soldiers" lives．
当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。
点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。
6．作状语
a．目的状语：放在go，come，use，live，in order等词后面。如：
I come to see you．
He runs fast in order to get there in time．
b．原因状语：放在sorry，glad，surprised， disappointed，excited等词后面。如：
I am glad to see you here．
I am sorry to trouble you．
c．作结果状语。如：
Some of the apples are hard to reach．
The room is large enough to hold 1000 people．
7．与what，who，whose，when，where， how等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。如： I don"t know what to do next．（宾语）
He taught us how to use the computer．（宾语补足语）
It"s still a question how to get there．（主语）
8、在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式，也可用带to的不定式。例如：1.Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box.9、 在had better，would rather，may／might as well，rather than，can not but等搭配之后初中英语语法总结，动词不定式也不带to。例如： 1.Unless you feel to ill to go out，I would rather not stay at home tonight．2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.10.在介词but，except之后，如果其前有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带to，反之则必须带to，表示“只能”。例如：
1.He will do anything except work on the farm．
2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender．
3.The spy间谍 was both hungry and cold；there was nothing left for him but to give in．
4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining．
11、下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带to：
can not help but，can not choose but，can not but，do nothing but，have nothing to do but。例如：
I can not but admire his courage.
如果上述句中有do，to省略：
I did nothing but watch TV last night．
如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带to：
I have no choice but to give up my idea.
12、紧跟在why或why not之后的动词不定式总是不带to。但是，紧跟在who，what，which，whether等连接词后的不定式带to。例如：
Why stand up if you can sit down?
Why not ask your teacher when you don"t understand the meaning?
You needn"t decide whether to study arts or science．
练习：
单项选择
1. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _________.
A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 2. The purpose of the plan is not to help the employers but ______ work for young people.
A. provide B. to provide C. providing D. provided
3. He arrived at the office early, ______ a good example to the others.
A. set B. to set C. to be set D. having set
4. I"m afraid they would not allow him ________ here.
A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke
5. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _____
A. to find B. to have found C. to be found D. being found
6. Mother told me ________ the water before I drank it.
A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil
7. It took us more than two hours the dinner
A prepare B preparing C to prepare D to be prepared
8. Please remember ______ the plants while I’m away.
A. watering B. to be watering C. to water D. being watering
9. ______ wine, first you must press the grapes.
A. Making B. To make C. To be making D. Make
10. John was made _______ the car for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
11. As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.
A. and finished B. to finish C. and finishing D. to finished
12. I’ll have to change my clothes before I go out — I don’t want ______ like this.
A. to see B. to be seeing C. to be seen D. being seen
13. The workers want us together with them.
A work B working C to work D worked
14. He promised__________ me a nice car.
A. buy B. to buy C. bought D. to have bought
15. He was made
A go B gone C going D to go
16. You’d better ________a rest now.
A. to have B. have C. having D. had
17. I’m hungry.Get me something
A eat B to eat C eating D for eating
18. People must stop ________down trees.
A. to cut B. cutting C. cut
19. I would mend your radio, but I don’t know ______.
A. how B. to C. how to D. to how
20. She did nothing at the photo
A except look B but to look C except to look D but looking
21. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _____.
A.to send B.for sending it C.to send it to D.for sending it to
22. “Have you decided when ?””Yes, tomorrow morning”
A to leave B to be leaving C will you leave D are you leaving
23. We agreed here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A having met B meeting C to meet D to have met
24. I’d rather_______ a cup of coffee.
A. to have B. having C have
25. I don’t like traveling by boat, it always makes me ______sick.
A. to feel B. feeling C. feel
【参考答案】
1—5 BBBAC 6—10 DCCBA 11—15 BCCBD 16—20 BBBCA 21—25 CACCC
初中英语动词不定式的用法小结外研版英语九年级(3)
9Aunit3语法（一）动词不定式用法
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。
下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。
1．作主语
可以直接作主语。如： To see is to believe．
但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如：
It"s wrong to play tricks on other people．
It"s our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy．
点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj．（形容词）＋to do sth．或 It is ＋n．（名词）＋to do sth．句型中，it仅作形式主语。
2．作宾语
a．want，decide ，agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如：
We agreed to start early．
She wants to be a doctor．
b．love，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。
点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。
提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。如：
I like swimming，but I don"t like to swim now．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。
c．stop，forget，remember，go on ，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
提示板：
1）stop to do sth．：停止一件事，去做另一件事。
stop doing sth．：停止正在做的事。
例句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk． 当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。
2）思考：forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？
d．在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋to do sth．句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如：
The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep．
I feel it easy to recite the text．
点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。
3．作宾语补足语
a．tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如：
I tell him not to go there by bus ．
Edison"s mother taught him to read and write．
b．let，make，have，see，hear，feel，watch， notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如：
The boss makes them work 16 hours a day． I heard her sing in the next room．
提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上。如：
They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss．
She was heard to sing in the next room．
4．作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面
例句：I have a lot of work to do．
The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy．
点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。
提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。如：
I have a small bedroom to live in．
Have you got some pens to write with？
5．表语：放在连系动词be后面
例句：His wish is to become a scientist．
The first important thing is to save the soldiers" lives．
当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。
点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。
6．作状语
a．目的状语：放在go，come，use，live，in order等词后面。如：
I come to see you．
He runs fast in order to get there in time．
b．原因状语：放在sorry，glad，surprised， disappointed，excited等词后面。如：
I am glad to see you here．
I am sorry to trouble you．
c．作结果状语。如：
Some of the apples are hard to reach．
The room is large enough to hold 1000 people．
7．与what，who，whose，when，where， how等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。如： I don"t know what to do next．（宾语）
He taught us how to use the computer．（宾语补足语）
It"s still a question how to get there．（主语）
1. Don"t forget _________ the letter.
A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent
2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _________.
A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on
3. Is ______ necessary to return the book tomorrow?
A. this B. that C. it D. which
4. I"m afraid they would not allow him ________ here.
A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke
5. Mother told me ________ the water before I drank it.
A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil
6. On my way home, I stopped _______ some food.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought
7. John was made _______ the car for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
8. The sitting-room needs _______, but it"ll have to wait until Saturday.
A. be cleaning B. to be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned
9. The first thing I want to do is __________.
A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him
10. Li Yang advised me _________ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.
A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking
一. 用动词不定式或ing分词填空
1. I enjoy_________.(sing) 2. What do you want________(do) next ?
3. I learnt ______(swim) when I was three years old. 4. I was very upset and started_____ (cry).
5. I hope _______(see) you again soon. 6. It is a fine day today, so I suggest_____(go) for a walk.
7. Have you finished _________ (mop) the floor.8. He was very angry and refuse __(say)anything.
9. Where is Lily ? I need ________(talk) with her.
10. I am too fat, so I have decided _________(do) more exercise.
二. 选出正确答案
( )1. I usually go ________ with my mother at weekends.
A. shop B. to shop C. shopping
( )2. He is not old enough ________ to school.
A. to go B. go C. going
( )3. The man admitted _________the bank.
A. rob B. to rob C. robbing
( )4. People must stop ________down trees.
A. to cut B. cutting C. cut
( )5. I’d rather_______ a cup of coffee.
A. to have B. having D. have
( )6. Mike managed to give up _________.
A. to smoke B. smoking C. smoke
( )7. I am sorry to have kept you ________ for such a long time.
A. to wait B. waiting C. wait
( )8. She has a nice voice. I often hear her________ in the morning.
A. singing B. to sing C. sing
( )9. I don’t like traveling by boat, it always makes me ______sick.
A. to feel B. feeling C. feel
( )10. Let me_______ you around the city.
A. show B. to show C. showing
( )11. I put the flowers on the porch_______ from the rain.
A. protecting B. to protect C. protected D. to be protected
( )12. Kathy decided ______ hard and make herself______ behind the others.
A. to work; not fall B. working; not to fall
C. to work; fall D. working; to fall
( )13. She forgot_______ the TV when she left home.
A. to turn off B. turned off C. turning off D. turn off
( )14. My parents want me ________ good marks.
A. get B. to get C. getting D. got
( )15. The doctor asked Mary ________the medicine three times a day.
A. not to remember taking B. not to forget taking
C. not to remember to take D. not to forget to take
( )16. His job is________ the students’ meetings.
A. organize B. to organize C. organizing D. organized
( )17. What about_______ a letter to your friend on the Internet ?
A. try sending B. try to send C. trying sending D. trying to send
( )18.Let him________ it by himself.
A. to do B. doing C. did D. do
( )19. The customers watched the unusual bird_______ in the inn.
A. dance B. to dance C. danced D. dancing
( )20. At the police station, the boy admitted _______ the necklace at last.
A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. steal
( )21. It is impossible ________.
A. for me to go to bed early B. to me to go to bed early
C. for me go to bed early D. to me go to bed early
( )22. I remember________ my wallet here. But I can’t_______ now.
A. putting; find B. to put; finding
C. to put; be found D. putting; be found
( )23. Could you tell me _______ work out the problem ?
A. how B. how can I C. how to D. how will I
( )24. I saw a little boy________ a kite yesterday afternoon.
A. flew B. fly C. to fly D. flying
( )25. His jokes made us all _________.
A. to laugh B. laughing C. laugh D. laughing
( )26. It’s very kind of you_______ me with my English.
A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps
( )27. He promised__________ me a nice car.
A. buy B. to buy C. bought D. to have bought
( )28. Mother told me ________ walk along the river.
A. do not B. not to C. to not D. not
( )29. Her ambition is ________ an engineer.
A. become B. to become C. be D. /
( )30. You’d better ________a rest now.
A. to have B. have C. having D. had
( )31. Thank you for ________me the secret.
A. telling B. tell C. to tell D. told
( )32. I used to______ in the countryside, now I am used to_____ in the city
A. living; live B. living; living C. live; living D. live; live
( )33. The detective is busy_______ clues and he has _______ some valuable proof.
A. looking for; find B. finding; looked for
C. looking for; found D. find; looked for
( )34. This film is worth ________.
A. to see B. seeing C. seen D. saw
( )35. I was allowed to play football after_________ my homework.
A. do B. did C. doing D. done
( )36. China is becoming __________.
A. strong and strong B stronger and strong
C. stronger and stronger D. strong and stronger
( )37. The population of China is larger than ________ of America.
A. those B. that C. it D. this
( )38. Our city is getting _________ .
A. more beautiful and more beautiful
B. more and more beautiful
C. beautifuler and beautifuler
D. beautiful and beautiful
( )39. Taxis in Shenyang are cheaper than ________ in Beijing.
A. that B. it C. this D. those
( )40. I prefer_______ basketball to _______ football.
A. playing; playing B. playing; play
C. play; playing D. play; play
（二）句子的种类
可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1. 凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，它可以用肯定式和否定式，句末用句号“.”，通常用降调。
掌握陈述句的肯定式和否定式的构成及用法。
e.g. We live in Tianjin. （肯定句）我们住在天津。
We don"t live in Shanghai. （否定句）我们不住在上海。
注意：（1）在一般现在时的肯定式中，主语是第三人称单数时，动词要改成第三人称单数形式。
e.g. John studies Chinese very well.
（2）一般现在时和一般过去时的否定式要加助动词do （does）, did.
e.g. I don"t like swimming. 我不喜欢游泳。
He doesn"t have lunch at home every day. 他每天不在家吃午饭。
They didn"t play football yesterday. 他们昨天没有踢足球。
2. 掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句的构成、用法和答语。注意在一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句要加助动词do（does）, did.
e.g. Do you often speak English at school ? 在学校你常讲英语吗？
Does she have a brother ? = Has she got a brother ? 她有兄弟吗？
Did it take you two hours to do your homework last night ?
昨天晚上做作业花了你2个小时吗？
What do you often do on Sundays ?
星期日你常常干什么？
When does your father get up every morning ?
你父亲每天早晨几点钟起床？
Why didn"t your teacher come to school yesterday ?
昨天你们的老师为什么没来学校呢？
提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种，这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。结构是：“一般疑问句＋or＋一般疑问句”，但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。说明or前面部分用升调，后面部分用降调。
e.g. Is her brother an artist or a doctor ?
她的兄弟是一个艺术家还是个医生？
Would you like tea or coffee ?
你愿意喝茶还是喝咖啡？
Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on Sunday ?
我们是周六还是周日去电影院？
反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见，但没把握，希望对方来证实。
注意反意疑问句的结构是：肯定的陈述句＋否定的疑问句（缩略形式）
或：否定的陈述句＋肯定的疑问句（缩略形式）
两部分的人称和时态要一致。
特别要注意否定的疑问句中的助动词必须缩写，主语（最后一个词）必须是代词而不能是名词。
e.g. Your sister has ever been to Shanghai , hasn"t she ?
你姐姐曾经去过上海是吗？
The boys didn"t find anything , did they ?
男孩子们什么也没找到/发现，是不是？
在回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实而定，事实是肯定的要回答Yes , …，事实是否定的要回答No, ….
e.g. He isn"t going to the meeting , is he ?
他不去参加会，是吗？
Yes , he is . 不，他要去。
No , he isn"t. 是的/对，他不去。
It didn"t snow last week , did it ?
上周没有下雪，对吗？
Yes , it did. / No , it didn"t. 不，下雪了。是的，没下雪。
3. 掌握祈使句的肯定式和否定式。祈使句没有主语。指让对方做某事，动词要用原形。表示请求，命令、建议等。
e.g. Go back to your seat , please. 请回到你的座位上去。
Don"t make so much noise. 不要吵吵闹闹。
Let"s go to school together ! 咱们一起上学去吧！
（let"s是含有第一人称主语的祈使句）
Let him help the child. 让他帮助那个孩子。（let him是含有第三人称主语的祈使句）
注意：否定形式是Let"s （us , me）+not +动词原形
e.g. Let"s not say anything about it.
对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说了。
4. 表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句，理解由What和How引导的感叹句的语序和感叹句的使用方法。How和What与所修饰的词放在句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。在口语中谓语常省略。
（1）how作状语，修饰形容词，副词或动词
结构：How+形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语
How nice the flowers are ! 花多漂亮啊！
How hard he works ! 他工作的多努力啊！
（2）what作宾语，修饰名词（名词前可有其他定语），单词可数名词前要加不定冠词a（an）.
结构：What a （an）+形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语
e.g. What a clever girl （she is ）!
她是一个多么聪明的女孩啊！
What delicious food ! 多么好吃的食物啊！
反意疑问句练习
1.My mom bought me a medium coke,______? 2.You went to your grandma"s home,________?
3.He will go home,________? 4.She doesn"t like to eat apples,_______?
5.Your room looks so big,_______? 6.You won"t sleep early,_________?
7.Your are never late for school,_______? 8.You watched the football match last week,______?
9.My mother is cooking,__________? 10.Your father plays the computer very well,__________?
11.You were moved by your students,________?12.Jogging makes us healthy,______________?
13.The sewing machine can make the clothes,_____?14.My mother doesn"t enjoy smoking,_____?
15.You don"t want to bo a teacher in the future,________?16.You look so happy today,________?
三、把下列的句子改为感叹句。（答案不唯一）
⒈ A: Jill is drawing a beautiful picture. B: ___________________________
⒉ A: Mr Wang is a busy man. B: ___________________________
⒊ A: The cat is very happy. B: ___________________________
⒋ A: The tractor is going very slowly. B: ___________________________
⒌ A: He is very lucky .B: ___________________________
⒍ A: It is a wet day today. B: ___________________________
⒎ A: They started early. B: ___________________________
⒏ A: They waited a long time .B: ___________________________
⒐ A: He is wearing a large shirt. B: ___________________________
⒑ A: The dolphin is playing happily. B: ___________________________
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