Most birds produce short, simple calls, but songbirds also have the ability of many complex vocal (发声的) patterns that help them attract mates, defend territory (领地), and strengthen their social bonds. Each songbird species has its own unique song patterns, some with characteristic regional dialects. Experienced listeners can even distinguish individual birds by their unique songs.
A lot of what scientists know about bird song comes from studying zebra finches. A baby male zebra finch typically learns to sing from its father or other males, starting while it’s still a baby bird in the nest. First comes the sensory learning stage, when the baby finch hears the songs sung around it and commits them to memory. The bird starts to vocalize during the motor learning stage, practicing until it can match the song it memorized. As the bird learns, hearing the tutor’s song over and over again is helpful — up to a point. If it hears the song too many times, the imitation (模仿) becomes worse -- and the source matters. If the song is played through a loudspeaker, he can’t pick it up as easily. But hide the same loudspeaker inside a toy painted to look like a zebra finch, and his learning improves.
What if the baby never hears another zebra finch’s song? Interestingly enough, it’ll sing anyway. Isolated finches still produce what are called innate songs or isolate songs. A specific tune might be taught, but the instinct to sing seems to exist in a songbird’s brain. Innate songs sound different from the “cultured” songs learned from other finches - at first. If isolate zebra finches start a new colony, the young birds pick up the isolate song from their fathers. But the song changes from generation to generation. And after a few generations, the melody actually starts to resemble the cultured songs sung by zebra finches in the wild.
8. What can be learned from the first paragraph?
A. Songbirds don’t make short, simple calls.
B. Each songbird has its unique song patterns.
C. Some songbirds can speak human regional dialects.
D. Songbirds promote relations with others by singing.
9. Which of the following is true about a baby zebra finch’s learning process?
A. It begins to learn to sing from its parents,
B. The more it hears the song, the better it sings.
C. Before practicing, it has to remember the songs.
D. A loudspeaker is good enough to be a good teacher.
10. The underlined words “innate songs” in paragraph 3 refer to .
A. the songs sung by only one bird itself
B. the songs that a bird produces naturally without learning
C. the songs that are taught by parents
D. the songs always different from those of the same species
11. What’s the best title of this text?
A. What Can Songbirds Do with Singing?
B. How Do Songbirds Learn to Sing?
C. Why Are Bird Songs Different?
D. What Is a Zebra Finch?
知识点：科普环保类阅读
8. D 9. C 10. B 11. B
本文主要讲了鸣禽唱歌的重要意义以及鸣禽是如何学习唱歌的。
8. 细节理解题。由第一段Most birds produce short, simple calls, but songbirds also have the ability of many complex vocal (发声的) patterns that help them attract mates, defend territory (领地), and strengthen their social bonds.可知鸣禽通过唱歌促进和其他鸟的关系，选D。
9. 细节理解题。由第二段First comes the sensory learning stage, when the baby finch hears the songs sung around it and commits them to memory. The bird starts to vocalize during the motor learning stage, practicing until it can match the song it memorized.可知斑胸草雀幼鸟在联系之前，它不得不记住这首歌，选C。
10. 词义推断题。由A specific tune might be taught, but the instinct to sing seems to exist in a songbird’s brain.可知Isolated finches still produce what are called innate songs or isolate songs.这句话的意思是独居的雀类仍然会唱被称为与生俱来的歌，“innate songs”意思是鸟类没有经过学习，自然地唱的歌，选B。
11. 主旨大意题。由全文的主题句A lot of what scientists know about bird song comes from studying zebra finches.可知这篇文章介绍了鸣禽学习唱歌的过程，故选B。
名师点睛：阅读理解题的主旨大意题往往是比较难的一种题型，例如本篇中的小题4，这类题要求学生对文章的内容在理解的基础上，有一个整体的把握。找主题句是一种非常有效的方法，A lot of what scientists know about bird song comes from studying zebra finches.就是这篇文章的主题句。
Kung fu is one of a number of Chinese martial arts designed to improve the body and the mind. It is perhaps one of the most widely known martial arts, because many films include its techniques. There are hundreds of styles taught all over the world, although they can be loosely divided into two camps: Shaolin style kung fu, and other techniques, some of which have a history that outdates the Shaolin order.
Shaolin kung fix has its origins in the fifth century. Like some other martial arts, it began in religious temples, where the monks sought a mind and body discipline (训练方法). In addition to the fighting style, it also includes mental exercises and religious practices designed to balance the whole body.
Shaolin temples resembled universities, integrating a wide range of subjects of study. Therefore, traditional Shaolin styles such as Wing Chun, Crane, Praying Mantis, and Hung Gar took knowledge from fields outside martial arts, such as the healing arts and meditation. Supporters for Shaolin styles believe that they are more rounded martial arts styles, and that learners will benefit from them on a whole body level.
Other fighting styles, some of which predate the Shaolin style, are also lumped under the kung fu umbrella. They include Pa-Kua, Eagle Claw, and Eight Drunken Immortals styles. These disciplines are not considered to be Shaolin style because they did not originate in temples and are focused primarily on fighting techniques.
Whether Shaolin or otherwise, kung fu is characterized by self defense strategies that turn the energy of an attacker against him or her. Although the techniques may vary, most styles teach throws, kicks, punches, and the use of weapons. In addition to the physical discipline, most place a great importance on respect, honor, and living a balanced life.
12. What is the text mainly about?
A. The reason why kung fu is important.
B. The different styles of Shaolin kung fu.
C. The functions and branches of kung fu.
D. The differences between Shaolin style and others.
13. We can learn from the first paragraph that kung fu .
A. is good for people physically and mentally
B. has the longest history in Shaolin temples
C. is something that are taught in many films
D. has only two important styles left at present
14. Which of the following is true about Shaolin kung fu according to the text?
A. Shaolin kung fu was invented earlier than other styles.
B. Some Shaolin styles are connected with healing arts.
C. Wing Chun is not included in Shaolin Style kung fu,
D. Pa-Kua and Eagle Claw are under Shaolin Style umbrella.
15. What do most styles of kung fu have in common?
A. They all began in religious temples in China.
B. They teach physical skills instead of use of weapons.
C. They focus on attacking the enemy first with your energy.
D. They require learners to be respectful and honor themselves.
知识点：政治经济文化类阅读
12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D
这篇文章主要介绍了功夫的作用和分类。
12. 主旨大意题。通过阅读全文，可知这篇文章主要介绍了功夫的作用和分类，故选C。
13. 细节理解题。由第一段Kung fu is one of a number of Chinese martial arts designed to improve the body and the mind.可知功夫对人的身体和精神都有好处，选A。
15. 细节理解题。由最后一个自然段In addition to the physical discipline, most place a great importance on respect, honor, and living a balanced life.可知大多数功夫的共同之处在于它们要求学习者自我谦恭，选D。
Have you ever noticed how terrible weather seems to drag your spirits down? ___16___ But there are various things you can do to keep your spirits up until spring.
• ___17___
A snowy, icy, cold, or rainy world can be beautiful and often has sounds and smells of its own. If you’re an artist, or photographer, winter provides a great deal of inspiration and different color1s to work with. Even if you don’t feel that creative, simply watching a winter scene from the comfort of your home can be a pleasant way to relax and enjoy the peace.
• Take part in winter activities.
___18___ If you’re a beginner to these snow sports, try learning in areas where you won't be worried about more experienced people crowding you out. Local parks are ideal starting points to encourage you to get out and give new winter sports a go.
• ___19___
Winter comes with the shortest days and lowest light of the year. Go out if you can. If you can’t, or if you’re so far from the equator as to have little or no daylight, use bright lights and perhaps light or white walls.
• Stay active.
As much as possible, get yourself outside. Take at least a short walk. If the weather does not permit, move around inside. Walk up and down your stairs if you have them.___20___ It also regulates such things as sleep and diet. Move around at least a bit each day.
A. Go out.
B. Brighten up.
C. Find things to enjoy about winter.
D. Enjoy skiing, sledding, or ice-skating.
E. There’s nothing you can do about the weather.
F. Making snowmen is a fun activity for both kids and adults.
G. Exercise gets your body temperature up and your blood flowing.
知识点：七选五
16. E 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. G
本文作者针对冬天如何让自己的心情愉快这一问题，给出了自己的建议。
16. 语义理解题。Have you ever noticed how terrible weather seems to drag your spirits down? 和But there are various things you can do to keep your spirits up until spring.讲了天气和心情的关系，故选E。（对于天气，你无能为力。）
17. 语义理解题。A snowy, icy, cold, or rainy world can be beautiful and often has sounds and smells of its own. If you’re an artist, or photographer, winter provides a great deal of inspiration and different color1s to work with. Even if you don’t feel that creative, simply watching a winter scene from the comfort of your home can be a pleasant way to relax and enjoy the peace.这一段主要讲了冬天可以做的一些有趣的事情，选C。（找一些可以享受冬天的事情。）
18. 语义理解题。If you’re a beginner to these snow sports, try learning in areas where you won't be worried about more experienced people crowding you out.这里提到了一些雪上的活动，故选D。（玩滑雪、雪橇或是滑冰。）
19. 语义理解题。Winter comes with the shortest days and lowest light of the year. Go out if you can. If you can’t, or if you’re so far from the equator as to have little or no daylight, use bright lights and perhaps light or white walls.这一段落讲了用明亮的灯或是白色的墙，使周围的环境变得明亮起来，选B。
20. 语义理解题。It also regulates such things as sleep and diet.这里提到了运动的好处，故选G。（运动使你的体温上升，血液流动。）
Madison Williams was studying in her bedroom in Dublin, Ohio, in August 2016 when the door burst open. It was her mother, Leigh Williams, with a(an)___21___ story: “A little boy fell into a septic tank (化粪池), and no one can ___22___ him.” Then she made this ___23___ of her 13-year-old daughter: Can you help?
Madison and Leigh ran to a neighbor’s yard, where they found the boy’s ___24___ mother and other adults surrounding a septic tank opening. Its diameter was ___25___ wider than a basketball. The boy had ___26___ in and was drowning in the sewage (污水).
Madison quickly ___27___ the situation. She was the only one who could ___28___ through the small hole. Without ___29___, she told the adults, “Lower me in.” Inside, the tank was dark, and the air ___30___. In the process of finding the boy, her left wrist was injured by a hidden pole so ___31___ that the hand was useless. But Madison went on skimming the surface of the sewage, hoping to ___32___ the boy. “Every once in a while, I’d see his little toes she says. “Then I would try to grab them.” After several failed ___33___, she finally managed to grasp his foot tightly with her ___34___ hand. “Pull me up!” she shouted to the others above. Ten minutes after Madison had entered the tank, she and the boy were ___35___ out.
But the boy wasn’t out of ___36___. He had been taken away from oxygen long enough that he wasn’t breathing. He was ___37___ on his side, and an adult gave him several hard beats on the ___38___, one right after the other, until the boy coughed up liquids. It was only when Madison heard him cry that she knew he was all right.
It took Madison longer to ___39___ than the boy. She experienced months of physical treatment for her wrist, which, says neighbor Mary, made the girl’s actions more ___40___.
21. A. amazing B. puzzling C. embarrassing D. frightening
22. A. reach B. find C. see D. hold
23. A. decision B. request C. recommendation D. order
24. A. cautious B. curious C. anxious D. courageous
25. A. tightly B. closely C. slightly D. specially
26. A. skipped B. run C. wandered D. slipped
27. A. surveyed B. looked C. decided D. described
28. A. suit B. walk C. break D. fit
29. A. permission B. hesitation C. doubt D. question
30. A. disgusting B. confusing C. bright D. dry
31. A. obviously B. hardly C. lightly D. severely
32. A. notice B. search C. feel D. strike
33. A. attempts B. studies C. ideas D. invitations
34. A. left B. strong C. good D. injured
35. A. picked B. lifted C. pushed D. put
36. A. breath B. trouble C. sorrow D. control
37. A. placed B. lain C. sent D. carried
38. A. head B. chest C. back D. foot
39. A. drown B. cough C. cure D. recover
40. A. attractive B. impressive C. modest D. considerate
知识点：完型填空
21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. B
本文主要讲了一个小男孩掉进化粪池，小女孩Madison在救援的过程中，一只手受了严重的伤，但她不顾个人疼痛，勇敢救出了这个小男孩的故事。
21. D考查形容词。由“A little boy fell into a septic tank (化粪池), and no one can ___2___ him.”可知一个小男孩掉到了化粪池里了，这是非常吓人的故事。amazing令人惊异的， puzzling 令人不解的， embarrassing 使人尴尬的，frightening可怕的。
22. A 考查动词。没有人能够够到他。reach 够到， find 找到，see看到， hold持有。
23. B 考查名词。由Can you help?可知她向她的女儿提出了一个请求。decision 决定， request 请求， recommendation推荐， order命令。
24. C 考查形容词。孩子掉到了化粪池里，他的母亲必然很焦虑。cautious 谨慎的， curious 好奇的，anxious 焦虑的，courageous勇敢的。
25. C 考查副词。化粪池的直径稍微比一个篮球宽一些。tightly紧紧地，closely紧密地，slightly 稍微，specially特别地。
26. D 考查动词。这个男孩滑入，并且淹没在污水中。skipped 跳过，run 跑，wandered漫步，slipped打滑。
27. A 考查动词。Madison 快速地调查情况。surveyed 调查，looked 看， decided决定， described描述。
28. D 考查动词。她是唯一一个合身穿过小洞的人。suit 适应， walk 散步，break 打破，fit合身。
29. B 考查名词。没有犹豫，她对其他成年人说：“把我放低。”permission 允许， hesitation 犹豫， doubt 怀疑， question问题。
30. A 考查形容词。化粪池的空气必然是令人恶心。disgusting 令人恶心的， confusing 混乱的，bright明亮的， dry干的。
31. D考查副词。由that the hand was useless.可知她的左手腕伤得很严重。 Obviously明显地，hardly几乎不， lightly轻轻地，severely严重地。
32. C 考查动词。希望触摸到这个男孩。notice 注意到， search 搜寻，feel感觉， strike打击。
33. A 考查名词。经过几次失败的尝试，最终，她成功地用好的一只手紧紧地抓住了他的脚。attempts尝试，studies学习， ideas观点，invitations邀请。
34. C 考查形容词。由In the process of finding the boy, her left wrist was injured by a hidden pole so ___11___ that the hand was useless.可知经过几次失败的尝试，最终，她成功地用好的一只手紧紧地抓住了他的脚。left左， strong强壮的，good好的， injured受伤的。
35. B 考查动词。由“Pull me up!” she shouted to the others above.可知在Madison进入化粪池十分钟后，他和这个小男孩被抬升出来。 Picked挑选， lifted 抬升，pushed 推， put放。
36. B 考查名词。由He had been taken away from oxygen long enough that he wasn’t breathing.可知这个男孩儿没有摆脱麻烦。 breath呼吸， trouble 麻烦， sorrow 悲伤， control控制。
37. A 考查动词。他被侧身放置。Placed放置， lain躺， sent送，carried携带。
38. C 考查名词。一个成年人在他的后背上用力拍打了几下。head头，chest 胸部， back 后背， foot脚。
39. D 考查动词。Madison比这个男孩花了更长的时间恢复。drown淹没， cough咳嗽， cure 治疗，recover恢复。
40. B 考查形容词。这使得这个女孩的行为更感人。attractive吸引人的，impressive 感人的，modest 谦虚的， considerate体贴的。
Last summer, as soon as school was over, I thought maybe I could spend the summer ___41___ a way different from previous ones. But how? Perhaps I could take ___42___ part-time job and make some money. I ___43___ (offer) an interview soon after I filed my application to Kentucky Fried Chicken. The interview was three days ahead ___44___ (prepare) for it, I went through Interview Skills, a book ___45___ prepares readers for job interviews. My mom and dad tried to help by ___46___ (give) me simulated (模拟的) interviews one after ___47___. I was all ready the day before the interview.
I answered all of the manager’s questions ___48___ (perfect). After all, my mom and dad had expected all of them and I just needed to repeat the answers I had prepared. Besides, I had carried myself well through the interview. My facial ___49___ (express), my voice, my…… all were excellent. I felt the job was already mine. That night I calculated how ___50___ money I would make, and I planned the ways I would like to spend it.
知识点：语法填空
41. in 42. a 43. was offered 44. To prepare 45. which/that
46. giving 47. another 48. perfectly 49. expression(s) 50. much
去年暑假作者度过一个不同以往的暑假，做了一份临时工作。本文叙述了打工的经历。
41. 句意：或许我用一种不同于以前的方式度过暑假。根据句意可知此处用in。
42. 句意：或许我能找一份临时工作。job是可数名词，故在前面加a。
43. 句意：我向Kentucky Fried Chicken提供申请后不久我就被提供了一次面试。根据句意可知用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为was offered。
44. 句意：为了准备面试。此处是动词不定式做目的状语，故答案为To prepare。
45. 句意：一本为读者准备面试的书。这里是一个定语从句，a book做先行词，指物，后面的定语从句缺少引导词，缺少主语，故答案为which /that。
46. 固定搭配：by doing sth.故答案为giving。
47. 固定搭配：one after another一个接一个，可知此处答案为another。
48. 副词修饰动词，故答案为perfectly。
49. 句意：我的面目表情，我的声音。根据句意可知此处用名词，故答案为expression(s)。
50. money是不可数名词，故答案为much。
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
On my way home from school last Friday, I saw a little dog on the sidewalk looking hopelessly. I was held it firmly up in my arms, took it home and feed some milk to it. However, my mom was unwilling to keep them, saying there was enough pets for us, two cats and a dog. I begged my mom not to let it go. Finally, we agreed that it would be deciding by my dad, whom didn’t return home from work. Just then the girl and her father drove near, searching for their lost pets. When they thanked us taking care of the dog, I felt very happy.
知识点：短文改错
本文主要讲了作者在路边捡到一只小狗，把它带回家，悉心照顾着。对于小狗的去留问题，作者和自己的母亲持不同意见。这时，小狗的主人来寻找小狗，因为作者照顾这只狗，他们感谢作者，作者感觉很开心。
考查形容词。感官动词look之后，用形容词，所以hopelessly改成hopeless。
考查语态。“我”和“抱着它”之间是主动关系，所以用主动语态，去掉was。
考查时态。表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以feed改成fed。
考查代词。句意为然而，我的妈妈不愿意养它。指代前面的“a little dog”，所以them改成it。
考查主谓一致。“enough pets”是复数意义，所以be动词用复数，was改成were。
考查语态。“它”和“决定”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以deciding改成decided。
考查非限制性定语从句。who didn’t return home from work.作定语，修饰my dad，且有逗号隔开，所以who didn’t return home from work.是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以whom改成who。
考查冠词。句意为就在那时，一个小女孩和她的父亲驾车到附近，寻找他们丢失的宠物。泛指“一个小女孩”，且girl的首字母发音是辅音，所以用不定冠词a，the改成a。
考查名词单复数。句意为就在那时，一个小女孩和她的父亲驾车到附近，寻找他们丢失的宠物。“他们丢失的宠物”指的是那只小狗，是单数意义，所以pets改成pet。
考查介词。这里意思为“因为我们照顾这只狗，他们感谢我们。”表示“因为……”，所以us后加for。
名师点睛：小题7考查非限制性定语从句。现对非限制性定语从句的用法总结如下：一、非限制性定语从句的概念
非限制性定语从句对先行词仅起到附加修饰或说明的作用， 有时对整个主句或主句的部分内容作进一步的说明。若去掉它， 整个主句的意思不受影响。例如：
Next winter, which you will spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be another exciting holiday．
可以肯定，你将要去哈尔滨度过的下个冬天， 将会是又一个令人兴奋的假期。
I walked in our garden, where Tom and Jimmy were tying a big sign onto one of the trees．
我在我们的花园里漫步，在这里汤姆和吉米正把一块大标志牌绑在一棵树上。
二、非限制性定语从句的形式
非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密，因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。例如：
Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous?
你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗？它的男主演可是世界闻名的。
My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month．
我有位朋友，他一辈子服务于国际奥林匹克委员会，下个月就要退休了。
三、非限制性定语从句引导词的特殊情况
1．非限制性定语从句不可用that引导， 在非限制性定语从句中用who(作主语) / whom(作宾语)指人，用which(作主语 / 宾语)指物， 用whose作定语(指人 / 物)。例如：
The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention．
这位试图打反击的著名篮球明星吸引了众人的关注。
The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive．
这部电影很有教育意义， 它的导演是位老人。
2．关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略，若指人时，只用whom，不用 who。例如：
York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city．
我去年访问过的约克是个古老而美丽的城市。
Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now．
请把这本书交给杰西卡，就是刚才我们在大厅里遇到的那位。
3．非限制性定语从句不可用why引导， 需用for which替代why。例如：
None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent．
我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。
假定你是李华，得知你的英国笔友Kyle有意来中国读大学，请你用英文给Kyle写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
(1) 希望他来中国留学；
(2) 说明来中国留学的好处（如加深对中国的了解，对个人发展的益处等）；
(3) 表示愿意提供帮助。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Kyle,
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
知识点：书面表达
Dear Kyle,
Knowing that you are thinking about having college education in China, I’m very glad and firmly believe that it’s a right choice.
You are sure to benefit a lot from it. With four years spent in China, you’ll have a further understanding of traditional Chinese culture and the present Chinese society, which will in turn make it easy for you to make more friends and start your own business after graduation. If you don’t want to stay in China, the ability of speaking Chinese and experiences of living in China can also guarantee you many good job opportunities.
As for me, I would be more than happy to help you. You can stay in my place before you settle down. All in all, if I were you, I wouldn’t let go of such a good chance. Write to me soon to let me know your decision.
Yours,
Li Hua
首先审题，这篇文章要求假定你是李华，得知你的英国笔友Kyle有意来中国读大学，请你用英文给Kyle写一封电子邮件，内容包括：(1) 希望他来中国留学；(2) 说明来中国留学的好处（如加深对中国的了解，对个人发展的益处等）；(3) 表示愿意提供帮助。
其次选用正确的人称和时态，用一般现在时、第一人称来写。然后写出单个句子，使用正确的连词，连句成段。需要注意文中给出的细节都要包括，不要遗漏。这篇文章对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
